Though some ideas of quark stars were proposed as early as in 1969 , no great progress had been made until the 1980s 虽然天文学家早在1969年便提出奇异星的概念，但直至80年代，这个理论才有更进一步的发展。
Just as electrons have an electrical charge and transmit their force via photons , quarks have a “ color ” charge and transmit their force via gluons 这就像电子具有电荷，并利用光子来传送电子间的作用力。
Even in violent collisions , when the quarks seem on the verge of breaking out , new " walls " form to keep them confined 即使在剧烈碰撞中，夸克看似就要脱缰而出，新的“墙壁”又会形成，将它们继续禁锢在一起。
Quark and antiquark jets are identified from the 2 - jet events in e + e ~ collisions at 91 . 2gev by checking them at parton level 结果表明，喷注内部的动力学起伏的各向异性随着截断参数y _ cut的变化面明显地改变
Because of the holographic equivalence , strongly interacting quarks and gluons at high temperatures should also have very low viscosity 根据全像等价性，有很强交互作用的夸克与胶子在高温时也会有极低的黏度。
Hqet ( heavy quark effective theory ) makes this symmetry explicit and proves to be a desirable framework to predict the properties of heavy hadrons Hqet显式的处理这种对称性，是处理重味物理的合适的理论框架。
Although many physicists have tried , no one has ever witnessed a solitary quark drifting all alone through a particle detector 虽然许多物理学家做过许多尝试，还是不曾有人见到单独的夸克在粒子侦测器中呼啸而过。
Heavy quarkonium properties are studied in the relativistic quark model based on the quasipotential approach in the quantum field theory 本文在量子场论中基于准势途径的相对论夸克模型中研究了重夸克偶素的性质。
Although many physicists have tried , no one has ever witnessed a solitary quark drifting all alone through a particle detector 尽管许多物理学家都曾尝试释放它们，但还没人亲眼目睹过一个孤单的夸克独自从粒子探测器中滑过。
Even in violent collisions , when the quarks seem on the verge of breaking out , new “ walls ” form to keep them confined 就算是在猛烈的碰撞中，每当夸克似乎到达破茧而出的边缘时，新的围墙就会出现，维持著它们的禁闭状态。
