To avoid nipple confusion , the encouragement of cup feeding and the non - provision of pacifiers or bottles are required nursing practice in baby - friendly hospitals 母婴亲善医院建议使用杯子喂食、及避免奶嘴与奶瓶的使用，以防止婴儿发生乳头混淆，然而，乳头混淆与母乳哺喂之间的关系仍未经证实。
The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationships between three methods of feeding ( i . e . pacifier , bottle feeding , and cup feeding ) , nipple confusion , and duration of breastfeeding 本文章旨在藉由文献查证，发展一理论架构，探索三种人工喂养方式，如：奶嘴、奶瓶喂食及杯子喂食与乳头混淆的关系。
Among the ten steps to successful breastfeeding advocated by the who and unicef , steps six and nine clearly state that formula supplementation and pacifier use , except when medically necessary , should be avoided 摘要who / unicef所提倡的成功哺喂母乳十步骤，其中步骤六及步骤九明确的陈述非医疗需要应避免配方奶的添加以及人工奶嘴的使用。
But pacifier use showed benefits no matter the baby ' s age , how it slept and even if its mother smoked during or after pregnancy , according to the research , published online by the british medical journal 但是英国医学杂志在网上发表，无论婴儿的年龄多大，无论他是怎样睡觉和即使他的母亲在怀孕之前或者期间吸烟，根据研究表明，使用橡皮奶头有好处。
Nor did anyone imagine the number of hours children would eventually devote to te1evision , the common use of television by parents as a child pacifier , the changes television would effect upon child - rearing methods , the increasing domination of family schedules by children ' s viewing requirements - - - in short , the power of the new medium to dominate family life 更加没有人会想到的是，小孩会把大量时间花在看电视上，父母会把电视用来安抚小孩，电视会改变对孩子培养的方法，家庭计划中越来越多的时间会被孩子们看电视所占用- - -总之，就是这种新型媒体支配家庭生活的能力。
Nor did anyone imagine the number of hours children would eventually devote to te1evision , the common use of television by parents as a child pacifier , the changes television would effect upon child - rearing methods , the increasing domination of family schedules by children ' s viewing requirements - - - in short , the power of the new medium to dominate family life 也没有人意想得到孩子最终投入到电视的时间是多少，家长是如此经常将看电视作为抚慰孩子的手段，也没有人意料得到电视对家庭教育的影响，孩子的家庭生活越来越多被看电视所代替? ?总而言之，电视已经支配了美国家庭生活。
Nor did anyone imagine the number of hours children would eventually devote to te1evision , the common use of television by parents as a child pacifier , the changes television would effect upon child - rearing methods , the increasing domination of family schedules by children ' s viewing requirements - - - in short , the power of the new medium to dominate family life 也没有任何人能够想象出最终孩子们每天用于看电视的时间有多长，更不用说能够想象出父母们会用电视取代孩子们的橡皮奶嘴，或者电视对育儿方式的影响，或者孩子们看电视的要求给家庭时间表不断增强的支配作用简而言之，这个新媒体对家庭生活主宰的威力。
Nor did anyone imagine the number of hours children would eventually devote to te1evision , the common use of television by parents as a child pacifier , the changes television would effect upon child - rearing methods , the increasing domination of family schedules by children ' s viewing requirements - - - in short , the power of the new medium to dominate family life 也没有人想像得出孩子们最终浪费在电视上的时间，家长对电视这个安抚孩子的好帮手的普遍使用，电视对养育孩子方法的改变，孩子们看电视的要求对家庭行程的日渐控制? ?即这种新的传播工具控制家庭生活的力量。
