This report impelled the european economic integration to enter a new stage . in december 1991 all heads of the european economic community passed the european union treaty , which was also called “ maastricht treaty ” 在欧元问题上,英国从最初的激烈反对到现在的沉默消极,这些都无法用纯粹的物质利益因素去理解。
And if one assesses the emerging markets of asia against the maastricht criteria , one can conclude rather conveniently that asian monetary co - operation , implying asian monetary union , is a non - starter 若根据马城条约的标准来衡量亚洲的新兴市场，我们或会轻易作出结论，认为亚洲金融合作或亚洲货币联盟是不可能的事。
To avoid this , expansion has often been timed to coincide with treaty changes : a key motive for the treaties of maastricht , amsterdam and nice was the knowledge that the east europeans were waiting in the wings 为了避免此类情形，扩张的时机往往与条约修订不谋而合：马斯特里赫特、阿姆斯特丹和尼斯三大条约的相继出台，其关键动机在于迎合东欧人整装待发的心理。
The 1992 maastricht treaty proposed a single currency between these nations ? the united kingdom , denmark , and later sweden opted out of these plans ? and established the rules for joining , which included targets for inflation , interest rates , and budget deficits 1992年马斯特里赫特条约建议在这些国家内实行统一的货币(英国、丹麦，以及其后的瑞典都决定退出这项计划) ，并制订了参与的规则，包括通货膨胀的程度、利率及预算赤字等。
Whether the new member states are mature enough to join the euro area has been determined by two standard : one is the legal standard based on the convergence criteria of the maastricht treaty , the other one is the theoretical standard rested on the optimum currency area theory 在判断欧盟新成员加入欧元区的时机是否成熟时，可主要遵循两项标准：一是法律标准，基于《马约》框架下经济指标的趋同规定；二是理论标准，基于最适度货币区的组建条件。
As fiscal risk becomes more and more striking , academy circle issued many articles discussing on this issue with different opinions , but most of them refer to the requirements ruled by maastricht treaty , which are compulsory to those nations who want to join the euro system , or simply amend these requirements according to the actuality in china 日益凸现的财政风险，引起了各界人士的热切关注，学术界就此各抒己见，但绝大多数都是参照《马斯特利赫特条约》对要求加入欧元体系国家的指标1 ，或者是针对中国的实际对这些指标加以修正2 。
Yehuda emmanuel safran studied at saint martin s school of art , the royal college of art and universitycollege , london . he taught at the architectural association , goldsmith s college , chelseaschool of art and the royal college of art , london ; as well as fine art and theory at the janvan eyckacademy , maastricht , holland Yehuda safran在伦敦艺术大学圣马丁艺术学院，皇家艺术学院以及伦敦大学大学学院完成他的教育，曾在伦敦建筑联盟，伦敦大学格登史密斯学院，伦敦艺术大学却尔西学院以及皇家艺术学院任教，并在荷兰maastricht的janvan eyck academy兼任教授美术与艺术理论。
Britain is an important country of europe , but it is not actually initiator of the european economic community and it was even against from establishing this kind of organization at the beginning . until january 1 , 1973 , it had joined officially . in 1993 , when maastricht treaty became effective officially , the british government was endowed with the right to 本文在回顾了欧元区的创建历程,简要介绍了英国与欧元区的关系,分析了英国不愿加入欧元区的原因及对英国经济、欧元区各国经济乃至世界经济的影响,最后探讨了英国加入欧元区的可能性。
Following the establishment of the european coal and steel community in 1951 , europe marched toward progressively tighter unification through establishment of the european economic community ( eec or “ common market ” ) and the international atomic energy agency ( iaea ) in 1957 by the treaty of rome ; transformation of the eec into the european union ( eu ) in 1992 via the maastricht treaty signed in the netherlands ; establishment of the single market in 1993 ; and monetary unification ( conversion of national currencies into the euro ) in 2002 从1951年的欧洲煤钢共同体，到1957年（罗马条约）成立的欧洲共同市场和欧洲原子能委员会，再经1992年各国在荷兰签订的马斯垂克条约，成为欧洲联盟，接著是1993年的单一市场，再到2002年的货币改换欧元为止，欧洲始终走向更进一步的统一。
Increasing fluid intake by about a liter per day appears to have no negative effects in healthy older men , dutch researchers report . dr . mark g . spigt of maastricht university and colleagues note in the journal of the american geriatric society that older people are often dehydrated , partly because their sensation of thirst may be blunted 据路透社4月6日报道，荷兰马斯特里赫特大学的马克斯皮格特博士及其同事在美国老年病学协会杂志上撰文指出，那些年纪较大的人经常会出现身体脱水的现象，其中部分原因在于其自身对于口渴的感觉可能已经变得十分迟钝了。
