Isobaric identification with gf - tof method is based on the different time of flight caused by the different energy loss . the resolution of gf - tof is mainly affected by two factors . first , the rises time of current pulse from start and stop detector Gf - tof方法对同量异位素的分辨取决于e的不同而产生的时间不同，时间分辨仅来源于定时探测器电流脉冲上升时间的快慢和离子在气体介质中的能量离散。
In the atmosphere , geopotential varies with altitudes and across latitudes . on an isobaric surface , higher geopotential implies higher potential energy and vice versa . just like streams flow according to the layout of terrain , air will flow from high to low geopotential regions 在等压面天气图上，位势高的地方位能较高，位势低的地方位能较低，高空的气流会由前者流向后者，情况有点像河川根据山脊高低的分布而流动一样。
Through analysis of potential vorticity in isobaric surface field , in low - troposphere a positive potential vorticity disturbance exist and form incline disturbance column northward before rainstorm generation , at the same time have also reflected positive potential vorticity disturbance for severe convection weather trigger role in lower - troposphere ; soon positive potential vorticity disturbance in high - troposphere downward , form one vertical disturbance column , now corresponding precipitation develop stage ; in the prosperous stage of rainstorm that maintains isolines of horizontal distribution and still have straight positive potential vorticity disturbance in 600 - 700 hpa isobaric surface field ; when near ground arises negative potential vorticity disturbance , precipitation also weaken 通过对等压面的位涡分析，发现了在暴雨发生前，在对流层低层有正位涡扰动存在并向北形成倾斜的扰动柱，同时也反映了对流层低层正位涡扰动对强对流天气的触发作用；随后高层正位涡向下扰动，形成一个垂直扰动柱，这时对应降水的发展阶段：在暴雨的鼎盛阶段， 600 700hpa上空维持水平分布的等值线，在其上还有正的位涡扰动；当近地面出现负的位涡扰动时，降水随之也减弱。
For another thing , we suggest a new model of potential energy and deduce a new isothermal eos and apply it under the condition of high pressure and compare the theoretical results to the experimental data in order to test its applicability and effectiveness . in addition , a new isobaric eos of four parameters is obtained by using the second isothermal bulk modulus and we may test , compare and analysis it by comparing with the experimental data . in the introduction , we briefly review the development history of eos , illustrate its typical applications in many fields and recommend its predominant methods of investigating eos at present 本论文从基本的热力学关系式出发，提出了一个新的势函数模型，推导出了一个新的等温物态方程，并将其应用至高压下的实验数据与理论进行了比较和分析，从而验证了它的有效性与实用性；本论文还在势函数理论的基础上，通过引进等温体积弹性模量的二阶导数，推导出了一个新的四参量的等压物态方程，并对得到的方程进行了验证、比较和分析。
The elastic constants of bcc li , na and fcc al crystals have been evaluated as functions of pressure and temperature by using a new model together with ab initio electronic structure and total - energy calculations . in the model it is considered that the elastic constants of crystals at a given temperature and pressure can be calculated using a conventional density functional method but modified by a new set lattice constants due to the isobaric volumetric thermal expansion when temperature rise from absolute zero to the given one 本文对高压及有限温度立方金属弹性常数的计算方法进行了研究，建立了一种考虑温度效应的物理模型，基于这个模型和从头算方法，对典型的立方晶系金属li 、 na 、 al在高压及有限温度(熔点以下温度)弹性常数进行了计算，取得了与已有实验结果较好相符的计算结果。
