The works of this thesis is summarized as follows : ( 1 ) . the gain spectrum of an edfa is flattened using the novel lpfg statically , and the flatness of less than 0 . 8db in a wavelength the range of 32nm at the c - band was obtained . ( 2 ) 本文在介绍了edfa的原理和它的增益谱线特点后，完成了以下工作： i .应用新型长周期光纤光栅静态平坦了edfa增益输出谱线，在c波段32nm范围内得到了小于0 . 8db的平坦度。
Finally , the experimentations are performed to verify the conclusion drawn form the numerical simulation analysis , it find that the numerical simulation results agree basically with the experiment results . it indicates that the numerical simulations are correct 最后，构建了与数值计算情况相对应的拉曼光纤放大器进行了c波段wdm信号光源的增益平坦与饱和的试验，并把数值计算的结果和实验结果进行了比较，两者之间基本上相符合，说明了数值计算的正确性。
Finally , the production , which is designed and debugged all by myself , c band fine resolution low phase noise frequency synthesizer was introduced by module , including respective schedule , frequency distribution and phase noise experiment results . then whole circuit phase noise result , picture of spectrum with spur were presented , by which above theory was proved , analysis of the result was given , and the existing problem as well as methods to resolve it were motioned 论文最后对自己设计调试的样机c波段小步进低相噪频率合成器进行了分模块介绍,包括各部分的原理框图、频率分配和相噪测试结果,然后给出了整个样机的相噪、杂散频谱测试结果,对上面提到的理论进行验证,并对结果进行了讨论分析,提出了样机现存的一些问题和几点解决措施。
2 ) radar incidence angle and surface roughness correction : to make radar incidence correction and eliminate the surface roughness effects , a wide range of surface parameters ( soil moisture , surface rms height , correlation length , incidence angle ) was input to the ibm model to simulate the effect of surface roughness and radar incidence angle on the sensitivity of soil moisture to the radar backscattering coefficient . a simple model was established to simulate the effects of incidence angle and surface roughness . 3 ) establishment of soil moisture change inversion model : according to a modified ibm model simulation results , the bare surface backscattering coefficients can be expressed as a funtion of the dielectric component for a given surface roughness when the surface slope greater than 2 . 0 , which is valid for most nature surface : in above equation , r0 is the surface reflectivity at normal incidence 本研究中，首先利用基于微波辐射传输方程的微波植被模型和积分方程( iem )模型模拟了各种地表土壤水分含量情况下，植被覆盖、地表粗糙度(包括地表均方根高度和相关长度) 、雷达入射角对c波段(频率4 . 7ghz )水平极化( hh )雷达后向散射系数的影响，在此基础上，建立模型消除了植被覆盖、地表粗糙度、及雷达入射角对雷达后向散射的影响，利用多时相50m分辨率radarsatscansar雷达后向散射系数图像反演得到了地表土壤水分变化模式信息。
Secondly , basing on the theory of on - off gain of small signal , the raman gain coefficient for frequency shift between 0 . 5 and 20 thz of standard sigle mode optical fiber is measured by pump - probe method through a super luminescent diode ( sld ) as a broadband small signal probe source . thirdly , numerical simulation analysis of gain characteristic of raman fiber amplifier for c band wdm signal light is made according to the raman gain coefficient of the fiber measured before through target and four rank runge - kutta method . at the invariability of wavelength and maximum power of each of two pumps , schematic of powers of two pumps for best flatness on c band wdm optical gain was found out , at the same time , the factors of resulting in gain saturation is analyzed , too 本文首先应用经典的电磁理论对拉曼光纤放大器的工作机制进行了分析，然后，根据小信号理论推导出的开关增益求出了光纤拉曼增益系数的表达式，采用泵浦-探测波的方法，利用超辐射激光二极管( superluminescentdiode简称sld )作为探测光源，测量了所用标准单模光纤频移为0 . 5 - 20thz的拉曼增益系数，之后根据所测得的光纤的拉曼增益系数谱对应用该类光纤构成的放大c波段wdm光信号的拉曼光纤放大器的增益特性采用打靶法和四阶龙格- - -库塔进行了数值计算，在给定了两个泵浦光源的波长和最大功率后，找出了反向泵浦情况下使c波段wdm光源增益最平坦的两个泵浦的各自最佳功率，同时也分析了导致信号光饱和的原因。
Two - dimension fully electromagnetic particle - in - cell ( pic ) simulation is used to study the designed by phillips laboratory . specially , we have researched the effect of the changing the parameter of milo . high power and high frequency milo was made the design an consideration 根据数值模拟结果，我们探讨了提高milo频率的途径，用增加在阴极端头发射电流的办法，降低了径向电流提供绝缘磁场的要求，用整体下移的办法我们在c波段得到了1 . 2gw的微波输出功率理论结果。
The interleaver with channel spacing of 50ghz is designed and prototype device is achieved . we test experimentally the interleaved spectrum in the c - band which is rectangle with ripple of less than 0 . 1 db . and through measuring its time delay , we obtain the character of its dispersion . a novel architecture of 50ghz mfpi interleaver with different passband widths is put forward at first 2 、设计了信道间隔为50ghz的mgti型interleaver滤波器，获得了该滤波器的原型器件；实验得到了该器件在c波段两组交错分波的矩形化光谱，其纹波小于0 . 1db ，通过对器件时延的测量，间接获得了其色散特性；首次提出mfpi型不等带宽50ghz的interleaver滤波器技术方案。
The major job is manufactured a transmitter , which has three upmixer channels . its function is to up convert the signals from c - band to ka - band . the input local oscillator is provided by a low frequency crystal oscillator which has a good performance of phase noise , through 512 times multiply to ka band . this sysetem is used in the laboratory as transmitter source of the fuze , for the multidimensional objects in practise , which lead to the complexity of the reflect signal , so the amplitude , frequency and the phase of the transmit signals both have a key role in dealing with the reflection signals . therefore , this system requires for both the coherence of the single channel ’ s amplitude , phase and multi channels 本文的主要工作是应用户要求制作一具有三发射通道的上变频系统,可以将c波段的微波信号上变频到ka波段的毫米波信号。系统的本振输入基频由一相位噪声非常好的低频率晶振提供,经过512次的倍频放大至ka波段。本系统作为实验室中引信的发射源,由于目标反射信号具有时变的多维性,反射信号变得极为复杂,在信号处理时,不仅信号幅值、频率有决定意义而且相位关系也很有决定意义。
