This paper raises question from the facts found in the teaching practice , which is many senior middle school students ca n ' t adjust their english - learning methods to which are actually needed in the senior middle school english learning at their starting period , especially in senior grade one they ca n ' t adapt themselves to their english teachers " learning methods which in - evitaliy leads to the reports " decline and the cohesion problem between junior and senior middle school english teaching , so the paper tries to open the beach at the senior and college entrance examinations , which are the most serious factors that affect basic english teaching . in theory it tries to analyse what is a test , the kinds of tests and their different functions to language teaching , the connection between tests and language teaching as well as the cohesion between junior and senior english teaching , in which the emphasis is laid upon the huge backwash of test to teaching 本文从教学实际出发，以笔者在教学实践中发现的，高中起始阶段学生对英语学习的种种不适应现象为出发点，在简要分析引起这种初高中英语教学不衔接问题的种种原因基础上，以对初高中英语教学影响最大的中高考测试为突破口，从理论上论述了什么是测试，测试与语言教学的关系，测试在保证语言教学的衔接方面所起的作用，以及中高考测试作为水平测试及选拔性测试，对初高中英语教学所带来的巨大后效作用；进而本文从实践层面对中高考试卷做了详实的分析考察，对比探究出其各自对初高中英语教学的影响，因而造成的在初高中英语教学方面的区别及由此导致的初高中英语教学不衔接问题。
This paper aims to illustrate the necessity of testing oral english ability in college english test by studying the status quo of college english teaching , backwash effect and validity , then puts forward some suggestions on oral english testing methods and how to improve college students ' oral english ability 从当前英语口语教学的现状、测试对教学的反拔作用、测试的效度这几方面探讨了增设专科英语口试的必要性，并就口语测试方法以及如何提高学生口语能力提出建议。
The implement being performed in the primary and secondary schools highly promoted the quality education which emphasizes the cultivation of the students " creative spirit and the competence of the students " practice , thus aroused the strong backwash not only in the field of education but also in our society 在中小学实施有力地推动了以培养创新精神和实践能力为重点的素质教育，在教育界以及社会上引起了强烈的反响。与此同时，研究性学习课程的实施也在教育理论和教育实践上提出了一系列亟待解决的问题。
Pilot - scale experimental results showed that , comparing to conventional gravity filtration , the up - flow filtration has greater capacity in containing removed suspended solid and producing filtrate under the test conditions . coarse media with particle diameter ranging 0 . 63 - 2 . 00mm were used in order to apply relatively higher backwash rate of 21 l / ( m2 . s ) for achieving better media clean - up after a filtration run . under the test conditions , the media thickness ranging 82 - 85 iron , water temperature ranging 6 - 27 , and influx turbidity of 30 ntu , it achieved the results of the average filtration rate ranging 16 - 18 m / h , the average effluent turbidity of 1 ntu , and action cycle ranging 14 - 24h 中试研究结果表明，粗石英砂滤料上向流过滤比传统的重力流过滤具有更大的含污能力和产水量，为适用较高的反冲洗强度( 21l ( m ~ 2 ? s ) )以便滤料清洗更干净，采用粒径范围为0 . 63 2 . 00mm的粗石英砂滤料，滤层厚82 85cm ，水温6 27 ，进水浊度为30ntu左右等情况下，能获得平均滤速为16 18m h 、平均滤后水浊度为1ntu左右、周期达14 24小时的好效果。
