Abiotic stresses such as drought , low temperature , and high salinity are major environmental factors that dramatically limit plant growth and crop productivity . the prediction is that high salinity will continue to be the major single abiotic factor likely to affect crop yields globally 环境胁迫，如干旱和高盐是限制植物生长和农作物产量的重要环境因素，其中盐胁迫是持续影响全球农作物产量的重要非生物因子。
The roles of salicylic acid in inducing plants resistance to abiotic stress such as heavy metals , ozone , ultraviolet radiation , chilling , heat shock , water deficit and salt stress are reviewed and the possible physiological and molecular action mechanisms of salicylic acid are discussed 摘要本文综述了水杨酸在诱导植物抗（耐）非生物胁迫如重金属、臭氧、紫外辐射、过冷、热激、水分亏缺和盐胁迫等方面的进展，并探讨了水杨酸作用的分子、生理机制。
Oxidative stress , an common secondly stress occurring after many kind of biotic or abiotic stresses such as salt stress , drought , heavy metal , radiation , low temperature , microbic infection , can change the plant internal redox environment and subsequently disturb its growth processes , metablism and existence 氧化胁迫是普遍发生于植物胁迫应答过程中的生理现象，植物在遭受盐碱、干旱、重金属、辐射、低温等多种胁迫时常常会发生次生性氧化胁迫(伤害) 。
The two main development tendencies of environmental hydraulics were introduced , first , ecological hydraulics with the research subject changing from abiotic components to biotic ones ; second , to be associated with " 3s " techniques with research water area changing from small areas to river basins 摘要当前环境水力学发展有两个重要的趋势，一是研究对象由无生命组分进人有生命组分，向生态水力学发展；二是与“ 3s ”结合，研究水域由小变大，向流域性水域发展。
Biotic or abiotic stimuli can first cause the alteration in apoplastic signaling system ; on the other hand , apoplast provides a convenient pathway for cell - cell communication , and therefore plays a key role in regulation of cell differentiation , organ genesis , and growth development of plants 当植物遭受生物或非生物环境刺激时，可能首先引起质外体信号系统的变化；同时质外体作为植物细胞之间最方便的通道，在细胞间信号传递和信息交流上起重要作用，从而成为协调植物细胞分化、器官形成和整体生长发育的决定性因素之一。
Cdpks play important roles in plant calcium signal transduction . there is increasing evidence that cdpks participate in c / n metabolism , transmembrane transport of ion and water , cytoskeletal regulation , stomatal movement regulation , growth and development regulation and biotic and abiotic stress responses in plants Cdpks在植物钙信号转导中具有重要的作用，越来越多的证据表明，在植物碳氮代谢、离子和水分跨膜运输、细胞骨架调节、气孔运动调节、生长发育调节以及生物和非生物胁迫应答反应中均有cdpks的参与。
Proteome techniques have widely been applied to the fields of plant genetics , plant development , and plant physiology and ecology to investigate plant genetic diversity , plant development such as seed maturation and germination processes , differentiation of plant tissue and organ , separation and functional identification of novel component of various organells , mechanisms of plant adapted to abiotic or biotic stresses including high temperature , low temperature , high salt , drought , and pathogens and insects , and interaction of plant with microbe 摘要蛋白质组技术已广泛应用于植物遗传、发育和生理生态等诸多生物学领域，主要研究植物的遗传多样性、植物发育（如种子成熟与发芽过程） 、组织器官的分化过程、不同亚细胞结构的新蛋白组分的发现及其功能鉴定、植物对非生物逆境（包括高温、低温、高盐和干旱等）和生物逆境（病虫害）的适应机制和植物与微生物（根瘤共生体）相互作用机制。
