Reconfiguration approach of distribution network based on both system reliability and feeder loss is presented in this paper . being an objective function both to maximize the reliability and to minimize the loss of network , constraint conditions are considered as operation limits . an optimal method of the minimizing both the average service unavailability index and feeder losses is described in this paper 本文以配电网可靠性最高、网络损耗最低为目标函数，以配电网的运行满足电力连续供应为约束，提出了基于排序选择、对违反约束个体进行直接比较的改进自适应遗传算法，对配电网的可靠性按照深度优先搜索最小路进行计算，对系统的网络损耗按照牛顿? ?拉夫逊法进行计算。
A lot of papers about the report of probabilistic risk assessment of daya bay npp and system manuals has been read by the author and let as the basis . in this paper , based on the reliability analysis methods of failure mode and effect analysis and failure tree analysis , according to the result of event tree analysis of probabilistic risk assessment report of daya bay npp , the top events of the fault trees of reactor protection system and the success criteria were established . by using risk - spectrum procedure , the unavailability and the minimal cut - sets ( mcs ) of the fault trees were obtained 本文在阅读了大量的大亚湾核电站pra报告和各种系统手册等资料的基础上，采用fmea (故障模式和影响分析)和fta (故障树分析)可靠性分析方法，依据大亚湾核电站pra事件树分析的结果，建立了以紧急停堆失效和专设安全设施驱动失效为顶事件的故障树，利用risk - spectrum程序，对所建的故障树进行定量分析，计算，得到系统故障树的失效概率和最小割集，从而为大亚湾核电站可视化风险分析软件提供数据支持。
This paper ' s basic emphasis is on the international cartel ' s effect on the international trade of developing countries , but international cartel is a complicated issue due to its secrecy , any definitive estimate of the impact of these cartels on developing countries is undermined by the paucity of the data available to analyze this question . the unavailability of the data makes this papers research have many limitation . although this paper get some persuasive conclusion , the international cartel ' s effect on the international trade of developing countries need more penetrating empirical research 然而，由于国际卡特尔问题的复杂性，在本文的研究中，也存在着许多局限性，主要是：实证分析中选取样本的有限性，只能就上世纪90年代末受制裁的部分国际卡特尔进行分析，虽然在理论和实践意义上，论文提要本文得出了具有一定说服力的研究结论，但对于国际卡特尔对发展中国家的影响这样重大的论题，仍有待运用更为广泛和全面的数据进行更深入的实证分析。
It will solve the problem of the unavailability of teaching of mathematics research work and provision of technical support . more so , the scientific circumstances serves to improve student ' s study of mathematics and technology by themselves and improve the interest of studying maths and make student have a sense of achievement by using multimedia technology and campus interest technology . the students will choose the study subject in the maths research course by themselves 应用多媒体技术和校园网技术，还可以解决目前数学研究性课程的实施中所遇到的无教材、无理论依据的问题，为实施这一课题提供技术支持和科学的环境保障，培养学生自主学习数学知识和技能，增强学习数学的兴趣，使学生更有成就感。
