Mortimer mishkin of the national institute of mental health has proposed different neural circuits for memory , including a higher - level corticolimbic circuit for what is generally referred to as semantic or cognitive memory , and a lower - level corticostriatal circuit for the more primitive habit memory that is most often referred to as procedural memory 美国国家精神卫生研究院的密许金，提出记忆具有不同神经通路的说法，包括较高层次的皮质边缘通路，负责一般称为语意或认知方面的记忆，以及较低层次的皮质纹状体通路，负责比较原始、习惯性的记忆，也称为程序记忆。
In this paper , cholinergic neurons was mapped in the two kinds of birds ( emberiza rutila and fringilla montifringilla ) by using immunohistochemical method . the soma size and cell density of cholinergic neurons in the three song control nuclei , the higher vocal center ( hvc ) , the robust nucleus of the archistriatum ( ra ) and area x , were measured and compared . here we discussed the distribution of cholinergic neurons and their effect on the process of song producing and song learning . the results show that chat - li was found in hvc , ra and areax of forebrain 本文以中国北方地区常见的两种鸣禽栗? ( emberizarutila )和燕雀( fringillamontifringilla )为材料，应用免疫组化方法，对两种鸣禽发声控制核团，即上纹状体腹侧尾核或高级发声中枢( hvc ) 、古纹状体粗核( ra ) 、 x区( areax )内胆碱能神经元的胞体大小和胞体密度进行了观察测量，旨在探讨胆碱能神经元在发声控制核团内的分布情况及其在鸣啭产生和学习过程中的作用。
