Stuctrures of nano - powders were studied with xrd , ftir , and tg - dsc . laser scattering granularity instrument described that nano - ito was dispersed in ethanol about average 50nm , configurations of nano - composites was studied with sem , which described that inorganic nanoparticles can disperse in pmma with nano - level 本文在乙醇/水溶液中采用sol - gel法制备被乙醇包裹的纳米二氧化锡， ；通过胶溶法，制备ito胶体，利用乙醇/水的共沸，用乙醇替换水，从而使乙醇隔离纳米ito粒子，达到初级分散的效果。
The effects of different ratio of reactants , different solvent of oxalic acid agitating , drying , ploymer , znso4 concentration on zno powders were studied in the experiment of synthesis of zno nanoparticles by the chelate precipitation method . zno nanoparticles were 100nm on the average , narrow size and dispersed under the condition of 0 . 3mol / l znso4 , 1 : 2 mol ratio between znso4 and tartaric , not agitating , ethanol solution of oxalic acid with little peg and drying by azetropic distillation of butanol 在znso _ 4的浓度为0 . 3mol l 、 znso _ 4与酒石酸摩尔比为1 ： 2 、不搅拌滴加加有适量聚乙二醇的草酸乙醇溶液、沉淀物采用正丁醇共沸干燥的条件下，合成出平均粒径为100nm 、均匀、团聚较少的纳米氧化锌。
The results showed that controlling ph value and increasing ? potential can improve the dispersal of powders and finally enhance the gas - sensitivity of a - fe2c3 sensor . the study of the microstructure and properties of gas - sensitivity for the prepared powders also exhibited that azeotropic distillation and sol - gel method can competently prevent the formation of hard agglomeration , and so good sensitivity is obtained 结果表明，在碱性较强的条件下，电位较大，易制得团聚少、比表面较大的纳米粉体；共沸蒸馏和sol - gel后处理方法能有效防止粉体的硬团聚，有利于提高其元件的灵敏度。
The results indicated : the mechanical properties of pu prepared by added eg in a two - step process in prepolymerization technology were better than that of one - step process , its tg shifted 6 towards high temperatures ; the tan peak of pu material at low temperature disappeared through decompress boiling distilling technology 结果表明，采用预聚体工艺并且分步加入eg所制备的聚氨酯弹性体具有较好的力学性能，玻璃化温度向高温方向偏移了6 ；采用减压共沸蒸馏工艺制备的聚氨酯材料在低温区的tan峰消失。
Interval newton algorithm is used extensively in the calculation of chemical engineering such as the determination of phase stability , reactive azeotropes , robust process simulation , reliable parameter estimation , etc . all of these results show that interval newton algorithm is suitable to solve most kinds of nonlinear equation successfully 由于区间牛顿法强壮的全局收敛性和同时求得多个解的能力使得区间牛顿法广泛地应用在化工计算领域，如：相稳定性分析、反应共沸物的判断及组成确定、稳态过程模拟、参数估计等等。
The influence of packing height , ratio of water to entrainer and acetic acid initial concentration to separation effect of azeotropic distillation was studied in detail . simulation calculations of general distillation and azeotropic distillation were carried out . the influence of reflux ratio , theoretical plate , feed position , feed temperature and feed concentration to distillation process were discussed ( 3 )与普通精馏比较，分离要求相同时，共沸精馏时所需要的理论板数要低于普通精馏所需要的理论板数，回流比减小，可降低设备投资70万元，塔釜加热量减少36 % 。
Meanwhile , the most difficult task for simulation and optimization of heterogeneous distillations is to determine whether the liquid phase is stable in column stages or packing sections , which is also one of the focuses of this dissertation . in this dissertation , a three - phase nonequilibrium model for packed column distillations is developed 在三相共沸精馏过程建模仿真和优化计算中，由于两个液相可能同时出现，判断液相稳定性问题已成为了一个三相精馏过程计算的瓶颈问题，这也是本文的研究重点之一。
Basing on the practical experience and processing principle , the optimization of producing process , in which the butyl alcohol is abstracted from the water phase by the azeotropic distillation of the partly and mutually dissolved , is studied in this paper by utilizing the properties of the azeotropic distillation of the partly and mutually dissolved system of butyl alcohol and water , from the some questions such as rearranging of the equipments , dissolving with sodium hydroxide , treating of the wasted water , separating water and so on 摘要结合实践经验和工艺原理，利用丁醇和水组成的部分互溶系统的共沸特性，对从青霉素类结晶母液中提纯丁醇的生产工艺进行了分析研究，从设备布局、碱洗、废液处理和分水滞后等方面进行了优化处理。
The ordered and micro - phase structures of the molecular of pu materials are decided directly by its synthesis technology , composition and other materials compounded with it , and they will influence the possessive properties of pu materials . in this paper , general studies on pu have been carried out by the methods of controlling the prepolymerize technology , taking off dissociative tdi from prepolymer through decompress boiling distilling technology , polymerized in - situ with nano - particles and interpenetrated with ps , the relationship between properties and structure of pu / omt , pu / sio2 nano - composites and pu / ps ipns were characterized by ftir , dmta , tem andtga 本文用控制预聚体反应中单体的摩尔比、减压共沸蒸馏去除预聚体中游离tdi 、用纳米填料参与聚氨酯原位复合和与聚苯乙烯进行互贯等方法，合成了聚氨酯蒙脱土纳米复合材料、聚氨酯sio _ 2纳米复合材料和两步法合成的基于聚醚( ppg )和聚酯( 3010 )的聚氨酯苯乙烯互穿网络聚合物材料，研究了其性能；运用ftir 、 dmta 、 tem 、 tga等表征手段，对复合材料的结构进行了研究。
The results show that all of them have little different effect on the crystalline size of ultrafine powder of a - ahc ^ , but they have greatly different effect on the secondary partical size . the azeotropic distillation is the most effective processing , it can prevent the formation of hard agglomerates and improve the sinter - ability of powder . the mechanism of drying stages preventing the formation of hard agglomerates has investigated 研究了三种不同的干燥方法(直接干燥法、酒精置换干燥法和共沸蒸馏干燥法)对粉体性能的影响。实验表明三种干燥方法对- al _ 2o _ 3粉体的一次粒径的差别性影响不显著，而对其二次粒径的差别性影响则很显著。
