This part dissertates the concrete forms and constitution parts of infraction upon rights of obligee , pointing out that two forms are direct and indirect infraction and five constitution parts are : rights of obligee are legal ; infraction conductor has subject bad faith ; infraction conductor actualizes the delict ; rights of obligee are damaged ; the damage is the consequence of the infraction action 在这部分中，重点论述了侵害债权的具体形态及构成要件，指出可分为直接侵害和间接侵害两种侵害债权的形态。分析了其构成要件： 1 ，债权为合法债权； 2 ，侵权行为人对于其行为主观上具有恶意； 3 ，侵权人实施了不法行为； 4 ，债权人受到损害。 5 ，侵害债权的行为与损害后果有因果关系。
The ipr protection department is responsible for recordation of the clients ipr with china administration of customs . it holds training sessions for the customs inspectors where fake products might be exported , and collaborates with the local customs to inspect the products suspected of infringements . it also works together with the litigation department to pursue the exporters and manufacturers in civil lawsuits 为了能在假冒产品出口前将其拦截，保护部负责向中国海关申请知识产权的海关备案，代表客户对假冒产品可能出口的海关进行培训，同时配合海关对涉嫌假冒或侵权的产品进行查验，并配合诉讼部追究侵权人的责任。
Since the scarcity and the high transaction costs generates the free - rider , a infringement incentive , in which case it needs to intervene in the law of infringement . the purpose of damages for infringement is to make a national infringement person assume liability for infringement and increase the cost of its infringement , even greater cost 在这种情况下需要侵权法来干预,侵权损害赔偿的目的是让理性的使自己利益最大化的加害人承担损害赔偿责任以增加其侵权成本,填补被侵权人的损失从而使侵权人无利可图甚至付出更大的成本。
Article 48 if a copyright or copyright - related right is infringed , compensation shall be paid according to the actual loss of the right owner by the person who made the infringement ; if the computation of the actual loss is difficult , compensation may be paid according to the illegal gains of the person who made the infringement 第四十八条侵犯著作权或者与著作权有关的权利的，侵权人应当按照权利人的实际损失给予赔偿；实际损失难以计算的，可以按照侵权人的违法所得给予赔偿。
