Barium strontium titanate ( bst ) film has been investigated extensively for the application in the high density dynamic random access memories ( drams ) . one of the most crucial electrical parameters of these films has been the leakage current level of dram cells 钛酸锶钡( ba _ ( 1 - x ) sr _ xtio _ 3或bst )以其高介电常数、低损耗，介电响应快、疲劳强度大等优点，在下一代动态随机存储器( dram )上的应用前景非常广阔，是近年来人们研究的热点。
Under the presently conditions , we have designed a low loss 3 - db three port network available in power combing or dividing . since without resistive material , it is different from conventional 3 - db wilkinson hybrid and can fabricated on soft substrate , so simplify technology of circuit fabrication 我们设计出了不同于一般常用的wilkinson电桥的、可用作功率合成与分配网络的低损耗3 - db三端口网络，在32ghz 37ghz频率范围内，插损约为0 . 2db 。
Liaoning efacec electrical equipment co . , ltd possesses the world advanced transformer designing and manufacturing technology . its products have the following advantages : low losses , low partial discharge , low noise level , high reliability , no leakage , maintenance free and long operating life 辽宁易发式电气设备有限公司拥有世界先进的变压器设计和生产制造技术，电力变压器产品具有低损耗低局放低噪音高可靠性不渗漏免维修寿命长等优异特性。
A new terahertz source of folded waveguide traveling - wave - tube which based on vacuum electronics is introduced , which may answer the question for scarcity of small , economical terahertz source with continuous wave of high average power . secondly , transmission characteristics of terahertz wave in the periodic slow wave circuit of folded waveguide traveling - wave - tube have been researched combined with development of micro - fabrication technology . dispersion relation and interaction impedance of the slow wave circuit are deduced by the way of equivalent circuit , and results accounted by theory are close to those simulated by software 其次,结合计算机模拟技术对这种新型太赫兹辐射源的折叠波导慢波线路传输特性进行研究:用等效电路法从理论上推导了慢波电路场、色散关系及线路耦合阻抗,电磁模拟软件计算得出的慢波电路色散曲线与理论计算所得结果基本上一致,表明这种尺寸的慢波电路在太赫兹频段有着色散曲线较平坦以及宽带、低损耗的良好传输特性。
With frequencies arising , close resonators have limitations on lowing quality factor 、 reducing the size of resonator and modes denseness etc . within microwave frequencies , electromagnetism open resonator technologies are widely used in electrical dielectric parameter measurement of low loss dielectric material 随着频率的升高,封闭的谐振腔存在品质因数降低、腔体尺寸减小、模式密集等局限性,所以在毫米波频段,测量低损耗材料电介质参数最常采用的是电磁开腔技术。
Today , liquid crystal , a new functional material , has been applied more and more widely . on the side of display , owing to stable frarne , absolute environmental protecting , save electric energy and no tire for user , liquid crystal display keeps ahead among the range of display . with the developing of the technology of liquid crystsl , lcd will must substitute for crt and become the chief in market . in additin , liquid crystsl light filers which have been used in optic communicatins and light information handling , emply th e technical of combining the birefringence of liquid crystsl and fabry - petrot - type cavity . they manifest a series of merit , such as narrow band wide , deterioration low , wide tuning domain , simple structure and low cost , so liquid crystal light filter draw attention of many country 现在，液晶作为一种新型功能材料越来越得到广泛的应用，在电子显示装置中，液晶显示器以其画面平稳、真正安全环保、省电和使用者不易疲劳等优点领先于显示器的行列中。随着液晶技术的发展，液晶显示器将取代crt显示器逐步成为未来市场的主流。此外，应用于光通信和光信息处理中的电调谐液晶滤光片，采用液晶材料的双折射和电光效应与传统f - p腔相结合，表现出窄带宽、低损耗、调谐范围宽、驱动电压低、结构简单、低成本等一系列优点，而日益受到各国研究部门的关注。
In developing the planar lightwave circuits , the coupling loss between a waveguide with a high refractive index difference and a single mode fiber is considered . a novel spot - size converter based on a y - branch structure is proposed and numerical simulation results indicate that it can reduce the coupling loss effectively with low polarization dependent loss and good fabrication tolerance 在平面波导光器件研制中，提出了高折射率差二氧化硅波导与光纤的新型低损耗连接，与现有波导单侧变窄的结构相比较，有效的降低了连接损耗，同时具有偏振相关损耗低，工艺容差性好的优点。
( 2 ) low energy consumption during switching ( switching current - 100ma ) , low voltage operation ( 2 - 5v ) . ( 3 ) the realization of high quality mirrors together with a self - positioning system for the optical fibers . thus , very low insertion loss can be obtained without expensive handling for alignment 该光开关的一些重要特性可总结如下：首先是采用磁力驱动可实现双稳态，而且在两个状态下都可以不施加任何电压；其次是低损耗，开关切换电流仅为80ma 100ma左右，电压为2 5v左右；再其次是平面镜与光纤可以实现自校正，大大降低了损耗和校正成本。
The fiber raman amplifiers ( fras ) are more and more attractive for its particular virtues such as on - line , wide band , and low noise etc , and they are very fit for dense wavelength division multiplexing ( dwdm ) system of next generation charactered by its super large capacity and long transmission distance . fras are unsubstitutable in the fields such as optical fiber communication over the ocean , long haul transmission and exploitation of the entire low - loss band of fiber 光纤拉曼放大器因其特有的在线、宽带、低噪声等特点而越来越被人们关注，是一种非常适合下一代超大容量、超长距离dwdm系统的光放大器，尤其是在海底跨样光纤通信、超长距离光纤通信以及开发整个光纤低损耗窗口等方面有着不可替代的优势。
With the rapid development of optical fiber communication technology , low - cost and high quality near infrared laser and light emitted diode working at room temperature become widely available . the emit wavelength from these light resource is not only consistent with the three low - decay windows of fiber optics , but also with many wide - frequency or recombination absorption spectrum of environmental and industrial gases 光纤通信技术的发展使相对低价、工作于常温、高质量的近红外激光器和发光二极管可广泛获得,这些发光光源的发射波长与光纤的三个低损耗窗口相一致,也与许多环境和工业气体的泛频或复合吸收谱线相一致。
