It was suggested that the concomitant of the independence in ground states and the interactions in excited states were ascribed to the synergetic enhancement and complementary effects uniform in the same composite photoreceptors 两种材料在复合体系中既相互独立从而发挥各自的功能，又在激发态下发生相互作用从而产生敏化作用，是复合体系光导性能互补效应和协同增强效应的本质因素。
Subnanosecond millimeter relativistic backward wave oscillator , based on superradiance mechanism , was a novelty microwave device developed in last few years . the dependence of peak power on the square of the density of electron beam is almost linear 基于超辐射机理的亚纳秒毫米波微波器件是近几年发展起来的一种新型微波器件，其辐射功率与参与束波互作用的电子束密度的平方成正比关系。
The key component of a high - power microwave device is the rf structure in which the beam and wave interact . to traveling wave tube ( twt ) . it is the slow - wave structure ( sws ) which basically determine the performance of the twt 高功率微波的重要研究领域之一是高功率微波源，而高功率微波源的核心部件是电子注与波进行互作用的场所，对行波管而言即为慢波系统，它的优劣直接影响高功率微波源的性能。
Then the nonlinear coupled electromagnetic and electron motion equations were obtained from the lorentz equation . and numerical calculation and analysis of cold cavity by pic software were applied to analyze the both hot and cold dispersion characteristic of this waveguide 接下来,从电子运动方程出发得到了自洽非线性方程组,通过一阶线性近似导出了螺纹波导中注波互作用色散关系,从中分析该波导超宽带特性。
( c ) for the helical swallow - tailed structures with same groove width , the deep groove depth one which is suitable for the use in a interaction system of high power twts , has the largest coupling impedance and the lowest phase velocity in comparison with the other different groove profiles （ 3 ）具有相同槽日宽度的燕尾形螺旋槽结构在槽深度较深情况下用作大功率行波管的互作用系统具有最大的耦合阻抗和最低的相速。
And the simulation on the nonlinear beam - wave interaction of two - cavity gyroklystron is made . the influences of the drift length and beam voltage and current and the velocity ratio of the electron beam and et al . on efficiency and gain are analyzed in detail 并对34ghz两腔回旋速调管的注?波互摘要作用进行了大量的数值模拟研究，分析了漂移区长度、电压、电流、速度lhq值、磁场k ， ； 、注入波功率等多种因素对互作用电子效率及增益的影响。
2 . to design an axial magnetic field . the cathode lies in 0 . 4 - 0 . 7 of peak value of the magnetic field and excursion channel in a uniform magnetic field to suppress space charge effects ; to design transition section between the gun and excursion channel in converse computation . 3 选择电子枪阴极处于轴向聚焦磁场峰值的0 . 4 - 0 . 7倍处;漂移通道(互作用区)位于均匀轴向聚焦磁场中,以抑制电子束的空间电荷效应;使用反算法设计电子枪和漂移通道之间的过渡区。
A new type of resonant in x - band is given . the eigenfrequencies and eigenfunctions of tm mode of three four and five - cavity resonant is studied . the self modulation of the working modes which are 2 / 4 mode in three - cavity , 3 / 5 mode in four - cavity , 4 / 6 mode in five - cavity is simulated by pic code magic 采用粒子模拟的方法分别研究了电子束与三腔、四腔、五腔的互作用，研究结果表明：三腔中2 / 4模、四腔中3 / 5模、五腔中4 / 6模是工作模式。
It is well known that the coupled interactions between the ship hull and the surrounding fluid field of explosion give rise great influence to both the fluid loadings over the structural wetted surface and the responses of the hull . jt is the coupling effect that provides the major difficulties in the underwater explosion induced dynamic responses of the ship structure . the second order doubly asymptotic approximation method ( dda2 ) has been commonly employed in the world to deal with the coupling effect 本文针对daa方法不适合于分析敷有声阻抗与水差不多的声学材料(如玻璃钢与消声瓦)的船体结构与水下冲击波相互作用的局限性，依据声波的反射和透射原理对二阶daa方法的高频段进行了改进，发展并提出了能够分析声学材料流固相互作用的adaa方法( acousticdaa ) ，拓展了应用范围，使现有的二阶daa方法成为它的一个特例。
The ripples of gain and phase - shift in traveling wave tubes can not be explained by the small signal theory and the large signal theory of beam - wave interaction without internal reflection , but the phenomena are in fact present in twt , and affect the performances of the devices , especially the uniformity of gain and phase - shift 摘要无内反射的理想行波管小信号和大信号互作用理论不能解释行波管的增益和相移随频率快速波动的现象，但这种现象在行波管中不同程度地存在，并严重影响行波管的总体性能，特别是影响行波管幅度和相位的一致性。
