It has been impacted , eroded and undermined by re - trial , the so - called " exceptional " and " remedial " procedure . this dissertation takes justice and efficiency as basic values of the institutional arrangement of ideal civil appeals system , and discusses the general principle , structure and function of the civil appeals system 它不仅源起于影响司法的公正和效率要求的诉讼迟延、诉讼成本过高、执行难等问题，而且更主要地源起于旧有司法体制及其运行过程中显露出来的种种弊端。
Is it not chiefly because they upheld the principle of serving the people , established exemplary relations with the people through sacrificing their own interests , crated inside the armed forces a comradeship that brought the initiative of junior officers and the rank and file into full play , relied on the masses , analyzed the experience of each battle , and from battle to battle made continuous progress , both strategic and tactical 难道主要地不是由于他们坚持为人民服务的立场，用自我牺牲的精神，树立了模范的军民关系，在部队内部建立了能够充分发扬下级官兵积极性的同志式的关系，并且依靠群众，总结每次战争的经验，从战术到战略都不断地得到进步的原故吗？
There was usually a decline in farm output in the first year or two after the establishment of a red area , chiefly because landownership was not yet settled and the new economic order was not fully established during land redistribution , so that the peasants could not yet set their minds fully on production 农业生产在革命根据地建立的头一二年，往往有些下降，主要地是由于在分配土地期间，地权还没有确定，新的经济秩序还没有走上轨道，以致农民的生产情绪还有些波动。
