Sporogonium the sporophyte generation in mosses and liverworts . it develops from the zygote and comprises the foot, seta, and capsule . the sporogonium is parasitic on the gametophyte generation 孢子体：为苔藓和地钱的孢子体世代具有。由受精卵发育而来，包括基足、柄和孢蒴。孢子体是寄生在配子体上的。
Exoscopic describing the type of development of a plant embryo in which the apex of the sporophyte develops from the outer cell formed by the first division of the zygote, the inner cell giving rise to the foot 外向的：指一种植物胚胎的发育类型，其孢子体的顶端由受精卵的第一次分裂的外层细胞发育而来，内层细胞形成根。
This means changing the genome of either a gamete ( sperm or egg ) or a zygote ( a single cell formed either by fertilisation or by somatic cell nuclear transfer, a . k . a . cloning ) so that people are born with a designed genetic alteration 这意味着改变配子（精子或卵子）或合子（由受精或体细胞核移植形成的一个细胞，核移植也称克隆），以至于人是由一种设计了的遗传变化而出生。
To find bsp proteins and its related prot eins important roles in fertilization and the development of the zygote, we clone the full-length cdna which is related to bsp genes and named hbrp ( human bsp-related proteins ) 为了进一步发现和研究bsp及其相关蛋白在受精及受精卵发育中的重要作用，我们克隆出人与bsp蛋白相关基因的cdna，将其命名为hbrp(humanbsp-relatedprotein)。
Ppar5 expression in the uterus of ovariectomized mice was significantly stimulated by estrogen or a combination of estrogen and progesterone . ppar8 mrna was detected in oocytes and preimplantation embryos at the stages of zygote, 2-cell, 4-cell, 8-cell, morula and blastocyst 在小鼠卵母细胞、受精卵、2细胞、桑椹胚和胚泡中，可检测到ppar表达，但在4细胞和8细胞中没有检测到ppar基因的表达。
During developing backward, fluorescent ratio was gradually descending . it was relatively stable after muscle effect period . ( 2 ) goldfish zygote were transformed by different copies 10 \ 10 \ 10 and 10 " respectively, results showed that foreign copies was not existed simple linear relativity (2)分别以10~5、10~6、10~7和10~8拷贝数转化金鱼受精卵，结果显示在这四个不同级别当中以10~7转化率最高，说明导入的拷贝数与表达率之间不存在简单的线性相关关系。
In the laboratory experiment part, human peripheral blood, cultured cells and icr mice were study objects . the changes of mitotic chromosome numbers were measured by human metaphase chromosome counts and statistic analyzed used x2-test . the changes of meiotic chromosome numbers were measured by mice one-cell zygote chromosome counts and statistic analyzed usedx2-test . the effects of low dose ionizing radiation on the expression of topoisomerase ii were measured by immunocytochemistry, western blot and rt-pcr 流行病学结果显示长期小剂量辐射接触与染色体不分离呈正相关，为进一步在细胞遗传学和分子生物学方面研究小剂量电离辐射与染色体不分离关系及其机制，本课题第二部分以外周血、培养细胞、icr小鼠为研究对象，用外周血染色体计数和单细胞受精卵染色体计数的方法研究小剂量辐射和拓扑异构酶复旦大学2000级博士生学位论文11a抑制剂及其二者的协同效应对有丝分裂和减数分裂染色体不分离的影响，用免疫细胞化学染色、westernblot、rtpcr等方法研究了电离辐射引起拓扑异构酶a表达变化。
This paper introduces the entropy of the genepool and the genetype of a pair alleles population in inbreeding, and demonstrates the character of genetype entropy, the character of inter-zygote's inter-entropy, and the relation between the latter and coefficient of inbreeding in the generation change 摘要研究了在近亲繁殖下一对等位基因群体的基因库信息熵和基因型信息熵，并讨论了在世代交替中基因型信息熵的性质、配子间的互信息性质及其与近交系数的关系，并定义了配子间的近交关联信息系数。
Ip3 is one of the key factors for ca2 + to release from calcium-storage and for oocytes to be activated . in this experiment, ip3 was guided into cytoplasm by instant holds on cell membrane which were made by electric stimulation, calcium-storage in cytoplasm was opened up with ip3s second messenger, and the effects of ip3 on artificial activation of oocytes was evaluated, with ca2 + waves of zygote being imitated 本实验利用电激活过程中卵母细胞膜上形成的瞬间孔洞，向卵子内导入一定量的ip_3，通过ip_3第二信使途径，打开胞内钙库，模仿自然受精过程中卵母细胞内ca~(2+)的波动性变化，研究电场导入ip_3对小鼠卵子的激活作用。
Whole mount in situ hybridization showed that amphihmgb transcripts were present ubiquitously in the early embryos from zygote to neurula, but they decreased gradually in mesoderm and endoderm and neural tube with development, and became restricted to epidermal cells in the hatched larva . it appear s that hmgb plays a role in the mitosis and differentiation of embryonic cells . another amphioxus cdna, amphiubf80, encoding ubiquitin / ribosomal fused protein s27a, was isolated from the gut cdna library of b . belcheri tsingtauense s004cdna序列编码一个156个氨基酸残基组成的蛋白质，与人的泛素蛋白ubf80具有较高的氨基酸序列同源性(145/156同源)，且该蛋白具有泛素蛋白ubf80所共有的两个结构域，即由72个氨基酸组成的泛素介导的蛋白降解结构域和由48个氨基酸组成的核糖体蛋白s27a结构域。
