The 3 - tied c / s equals to adding a new logical tier ? pplication tier between client tier and server tier . which makes the business logic separated out from client tier , and then merges storage procedure in database to form application tier . the application tier can decrease the code quantity in client , and focus to manage the business logic . therefore , the multi - tier system must has the following features : distributed , well - scaled , retractable and secure 三层的体系结构也就是在在客户端和服务器端之间加入了一个新的逻辑层?应用层，把客户端的业务逻辑独立出来，并与数据库中的存储过程合并在一起，构成应用层，以缓和客户机或数据库上的代码膨胀，集中管理业务逻辑，使系统具有良好的伸缩性、稳定性和安全性等特点。
In allusion to the requirement , a new multiphase - flow measuring technology based on the optic - fiber sensors is considered . proportion of components can be obtained by measuring multiphase - flow ' s optic refractive index . real - time distinguishing oil quality will be realized , without the need to separate out individual phase components 针对这种需求，提出了一种基于光纤传感器的多相流计量技术，根据多相流体光折射率的变化推算出各组分的比例，无需对多相流进行分离就可以实现对原油品质的实时判别，从而达到快速修正采油工艺的目的。
The results show that mild melt treatment can improve the bonding strength of coating , but too high temperature and too long retaining time is not suitable ; higher temperature and longer time will result in tin beads separated out from coating surface , affecting surface quality ; melt treatment can reduce the porosity of tin coating , but over 200 , the porosity will increase with the rising of temperature 结果表明：软熔处理会改善镀层结合力，但温度和时间不宜过高、过长；软熔处理的温度过高和时间过长，表面会析出锡珠，影响表面质量；软熔处理会降低镀层的孔隙率，但温度高于200 ，则孔隙率会随着温度的升高而增加。
The study of phase formation of the polycrystalline la1 - xagxmno a series of polycrystalline la1 - xagxmno3 samples with x range nominally from 0 . 05 to 0 . 45 were investigated , and found that the critical phase temperature has close relation with the content of silver in the sample . and pointed out in the case of agl + doped in lamno3 , when x achieved a fixed value ( x = 0 . 15 ) , ag would separate out , ag - rich phase appeared , samples became compound phase 并且当银含量达到一定程度时会有单质银析出，我们认为这是因为银离子在溶胶?凝胶的过程中被还原成单质，以银团簇的形态存在于样品中，随着烧结温度的提高，银原子逐渐被氧化成银离子，取代la ~ ( 3 + ) ，进入晶格，形成钙钛矿结构。
In this paper , it is put forward the basic train of thought on implement metrobus traffic systems in shijiazhuang : ( 1 ) to improve the basic facilities of road to provide hardwares to metrobus traffic systems . ( 2 ) to build special road for bus or to build the bus priority control and management system are the first step to carry out the metrobus traffic systems . ( 3 ) to practice the running program that government and corporation are separated out or to mobilize the enthusiasm of the bus corporation 建设石家庄的metrobus快速交通系统的思路如下： ( 1 )完善道路基础设施建设，为metrobus快速交通系统的实施提供硬件条件； ( 2 )开辟公共汽车专用道和建立公交优先控制和管理系统，是实施metrobus快速交通系统的第一步； ( 3 )推行政企分离的公交运行机制，调动公交企业的积极性。
