On the other hand , the deficiency of traditional clinical instruction becomes more and more obvious . for example , classroom instruction without real situation support causes inertia of knowledge ; paper test does not help students develop practical clinical skills ; fixed practice time and limited tutoring teachers hardly guarantee the effect of clinical practice 另一方面，传统临床教学过程的不足之处日益凸现，如：课堂教学缺乏实际情境的支持，易造成知识惰性；学习评价以书面考试为主，不利于学生临床实践技能的发展；临床实习时间固定、指导教师有限，实习效果难以得到保障等。
It is hopeful that the model can determine a reasonable profit margin . and then , this paper tested for effects on the pricing profit margin from underwriting profit margin and investment rate of return . firstly , the profit margin was introduced in the article , and it pointed out that underwriting profit margin and investment rate of return would have effects on the pricing profit margin 本文尝试在定价利润因子模型中加入了具有随机影响效果的承保利润率和投资收益率这两个影响因素,希望通过这个模型来确定定价利润因子,并通过敏感性分析来测试承保利润率和投资收益率对定价利润因子的影响程度。
This paper introduces the theory of sustainable growth of companies and meanwhile thoroughly analyzes the subjective and objective factors affecting sustainable growth of listed companies in china . then with the sample of chinese a - stock listed companies which appear on stock exchange of shanghai and shenzhen before 1994 , using sustainable growth model brought forward by robert higgins and james van herne and the mathematical statistic methods of means and wilcoxon . this paper tests the sustainable growth status of all sort of listed companies in china during the period from 1994 to 2000 . meanwhile an empirical analysis is made in this paper by the factor method and regression to find out equilibrium relation among sustainable growth of chinese listed companies profitability capability of debt - repayment and capability of operation 然后借助美国资深财务学家罗伯特?希金斯和詹姆斯?范霍恩的可持续增长模型，选择我国1994年底以前在上海、深圳证券交易所上市的282家a股上市公司为研究对象，运用均值检验和威尔科克森的数理统计方法检验了我国上市公司1994 2000年度各行业的可持续增长的情况。本文还采用主成份分析法和多元回归的方法，确定和解释了影响我国上市公司可持续增长的主成份因素，并研究上市公司可持续增长与公司营运能力、偿债能力和盈利能力的平衡关系。
Secondly , the paper tests the relation between the volatilities of the stock returns and macroeconomic cyclical variables by using granger - causality test and the hendry general - to - specific modelling strategy . we find that such factors we choose here as the volatilities of the value added of industry , the money supply , consumer price index , interest rates and exports , imports have influence on the volatility of the stock returns to some extent 然后应用格兰杰因果关系检验和韩德瑞的从一般到特殊的建模理论，同时测试股票市场收益率的条件波动率与宏观经济变量的条件波动率的相互关系，发现工业生产增加值、货币供给量、消费者价格指数以及进出口额的条件波动率等经济指标对我国股票市场收益率波动率都在不同程度上有影响。
Through having done field surveys in the campus of chongqing university , this paper tested classroom indoor and outdoor climate parameters in june , july and september of 2005 , it used questionnaire to acquire subjects ’ thermal sense , draft sense and humidity sense in classroom each month , and programmed composition to compute predicted mean vote and compared pmv with the field testing results of mean thermal sensation vote . it is discovered that pmv is overvalued the college student ’ thermal sensation in chongqing . it finds that people in chongqing adapt to the typical summer hot and winter cold sweltering weather 对重庆地区高校教室的现场调查,测试了重庆大学2005年六月、七月和九月教室室内外热环境参数,通过采用问卷主要掌握了受测对象教室里的冷热感、气流感和潮湿感,通过编制程序求得预测平均热感觉评价pmv的值,比较pmv和问卷调查得到的平均热感觉mtsv ,发现pmv预测值高估了重庆地区高校学生的热感觉,这里的人群对重庆这种夏热冬冷地区比较典型的闷热气候具有一定的热适应性,对现场问卷调查的结果进行分析,得出了室内空气温度、气流速度、相对湿度与人体主观感觉之间的回归曲线,发现重庆地区高校学生热中性时的空气温度为25 . 5 , fanger根据欧美人群调查得到的公式计算出的预测热感觉为中性时的空气温度为25 . 0 ,两者相差0 . 5 。
The former include the policy premium caused by examining and approving systems , the policy shrink caused by irrational capital stock structure , policy underpricing of rigid ipo pricing method , etc . the non - systemic factors contain the asymmetric information between investors , issuers and investment bankers , the reputation of the underwriters , the proportion of ownership retained by initial shareholders , financial signals such as the capital structure of issuers , etc . using the chinese ipo samples , the paper tested empirically the relationship between the stock issuing method and ipo underpricing , the paper gets some significant conclusions 在此基础上，从理论上分析了影响我国ipo发行抑价的因素(主要包括由市场发展初期的政策性溢价，发行中发行人、承销商和投资者之间信息不对称，上市公司股东结构，投资银行声誉等) 。并且通过对由行政定价与市场化定价方式下新股抑价原因的实证分析，说明新股发行定价市场化是我国股票市场规范化、市场化和国际化的必然趋势。
Based on it , the paper built 3 hypotheses : ( 1 ) the companies treated special are likely to make income increasing accruals ; ( 2 ) they use discretionary accruals items to manage earnings ; ( 3 ) they are like to utilize current accruals to arrive at the goals . it is knew that the accounting standard of cash flow statement began at 1998 and we only can got the data from 1998 , so the paper tested 31 companies as statistical samples by three different models , which are the deangelo model , industry model one and industry model two 为此，论文仅以其中的31家摘帽st公司为样本，按照实证研究的方法，首先建立了三点假设| ： 1 、摘帽st公司在摘帽当期会作出调高利润的应计会计处理； 2 、摘帽st公司主要通过调整主观应计利润项目达到盈余管理的目的； 3 、摘帽st公司会利用流动性应计项目进行盈余管理。
The creating and applying of cai is the principal job of multimedia teaching ; the introduction of statistical analysis software will help students grasp statistical knowledge completely and use statistical methods to resolve practical problems ; the developing direction of biostatistics examination reform is of no paper test and examination separated from teaching 多媒体课件的研制和应用是多媒体教学的主要任务：统计分析软件的介绍有助于学生全面掌握统计学知识和熟练应用各种统计方法解决实际问题；无纸化考试和教考分离是生物统计学考试改革的发展方向。
