In order to study the seismic behavior of this structure system , three frames are designed and they are subjected under cyclic reversed lateral load . we mainly study the strength , stiffness , ductility , energy absorption capacity and failure causation in the test 为了探讨该新型结构的抗震性能，本文设计并制作了三榀框架，进行了水平低周反复荷载试验，重点研究了方钢管砼框架以及方钢管砼支撑框架的强度、刚度、延性、耗能能力及破坏机制。
In recent years , quite a lot of earthquakes in the world indicate that steel frames with welding joint easily occur brittle collapse because of having a low ductility at joints . then , a semi - rigid connected steel frame has large the energy absorption capacity which can resist dynamic loads 多次地震表明，采用完全焊接刚性节点的钢框架因节点延性差、残余应力大，容易发生脆性破坏，而半刚接钢框架因节点具有较强的变形能力和耗能能力可以抵抗一定的地震荷载。
Take the solar energy as the auxiliary power , using solar energy light hot principle and inexhaustible solar energy continuously heating way , uses the advanced collection hot method and the many kinds of chemical energy absorption way memory energy , again through physics switching device , according to needs to achieve the refrigeration system hot goal 以太阳能为辅助动力，利用太阳能的光热原理和取之不尽的太阳能连续不断的供热方式，采用先进的集热方法及多种化学能吸收方式存储能量，再通过物理转换装置，根据需要达到制冷制热的目的。
Considering the reality situation that active safety is still difficult to obviously prevent traffic accidents to occur , this paper innovatively presented a type of vehicle crash energy absorption equipment combines active and passive safety , which using the accident prediction technique of active safety to improve the vehicle passive safety performance 本文针对目前主动安全技术仍然难以大幅度地避免交通事故发生的现实情况,创新性地提出了一种利用主动安全中的事故预测技术来提高汽车碰撞安全性能的主被动结合新型汽车碰撞缓冲吸能装置。
Semimetal non - asbestos environmental protection automobile brake shoe with stable friction indexes , contractible heat fade , excellent performance in high temperature , strong friction resistance , long working life and stable brake , small noise , fine energy absorption , no asbestos , no pollution , ect characteristics . complied with international standard , it s a ideal brake article for users 本公司研制生产的半金属无石棉环保型汽车刹车片，具有摩擦系数稳定，热衰退缩小，高温段稳定性能好，耐磨性强，使用寿命长，制动平稳，制动时噪音小，能量吸收效果好，无石棉，对环保无污染等特点，符合国际规范，是广大用户的理想的刹车制品。
This overview highlights selected algorithmic solver code advances in the used simulation tools , the use and the modelling of new materials for crash energy absorption , concept car design techniques , massive parallel programming and performance gains , side impact barrier modelling , mechanical occupant surrogate modelling ( dummies ) , biomechanical models of human parts , as well as extensions of crash simulation techniques to the simulation of drop tests for appliances , shock absorption of a mars lander , etc 内容包括作为模拟手段的计算程序的最新进展，新的缓冲材料的应用和模拟，大规模并行程序的编制和性能的增加，侧撞障碍物模拟，乘客模型(假人) ，生物人体部件模型，碰撞仿真技术扩展应用到设备跌落试验和火星着陆舱的缓冲等。
Based on sufficient investigation of the crash energy absorption equipment developing level around the world , this paper presents structure project of crash energy absorption machine equipment and compares the crash energy absorption machine equipment research of computer simulation and test 本论文在充分研究了国内外碰撞缓冲吸能装置研制水平与发展现状的基础上，提出了机械碰撞缓冲吸能装置的具体结构方案，对机械碰撞缓冲吸能装置进行了计算机仿真与试验对比研究。
Steel frame with welding joint easily occur brittle collapse because of having a low ductility at joints then ， a semi - rigid connected steel frame has large the energy absorption capacity which can resist dynamic loads and the using steel qualities of bracing system and joints are small so adopting a semi - rigid jointed steel frame is economical and stable but for semi - rigid connections are complex and variable ， in conventional analysis and design of steel structures ， it is usually assumed that the connections between columns and beams are either rigid or pinned the analysis of steel frames adopting the assumption can simplify the procedure of analysis and design ， but cannot precisely reflect structural practical circumstance and the errors of calculating results are large ， even ， get incorrect conclusions semi - rigid connection was referred to in chinese code for design of steel structures ( 2001 ， 10 ) ， however ， it isn ’ t specified how to apply semi - rigid joints in design in fact it cannot be carry out the purpose of the paper give a calculating method that accords practical engineering and easily put into effect worthwhile it is going to promote the development of semi - rigid jointed steel frame in design and heighten structural stability in the paper ， at first some commonly employed methods for the modeling of connection behavior are introduced richard abbott function modeling of connection is adopted for extended end plate bolted connection by the 34 test data comparing to regression analysis indicate richard - abbott function modeling of connection represents an excellent fit to test data then after a semi - rigid joint behavior can be modeled as a finite stiffness rotation spring ， base on rotation and displacement equation derive the element stiffness matrixes with semi - rigid connections where the effects ofj ointed flexibility geometric non - linearity and shear forces in the connection deformations have been considered in and fixed - end forces are modified finally , a program for calculating semi - rigid with incremental - iterative method has been 本文的目的就是为半刚性连接钢框架的设计提供一种既符合工程实际又简便易行的计算方法，供规范使用过程的补充、延伸或参考；同时，也将促进半刚性连接钢框架设计技术的发展，为提高结构安全性能、节省工程成本发挥应有的作用。本文首先介绍了常见的几种应用较为广泛的梁柱连接弯矩转角关系模型，在分析比较的基础上，选用richard ? abbott函数模型作为外伸端板连接弯矩转角关系模型，通过对34个外伸端板连接的实验数据与回归分析得到的参数比较可知，经回归分析得到的此模型参数与实验数据符合较好。然后用弹簧表征连接点的转动刚度，根据梁的转角位移方程推导出半刚性连接的刚度矩阵，在单元刚度矩阵中考虑了节点柔性、几何非线性和剪切变形的影响，并对固端力进行了修正，最后用增量迭代法编制有限元程序进行计算和分析。
Using the simulation method coupling of multi - body and finite element , the simulation model of frontal impact , side impact and car - pedestrian impact of a certain type of vehicle is established by madymo software , and the comparative analysis of impacting performance of the vehicle fitting with or without this equipment is made out . the simulation results show that the vehicle fitting with this equipment has better damping and energy absorption performance . combines with frontal bumper air bag , not only the injury to the occupants and pedestrians in crash accident can be decreased further , but also the damage to the vehicle can be decreased 3 .采用多刚体与有限元耦合的模拟计算方法,利用madymo软件建立了汽车正碰、侧碰及与行人碰撞的仿真模型,对有无该装置时车辆的碰撞性能进行了比较与分析,结果表明安装有该装置时车辆具有更好的缓冲与吸能特性;结合前保险杠安全气囊技术,不仅可以进一步减少碰撞事故对乘员及行人的伤害,而且可以减少碰撞事故对车辆本身的损坏。
Simulation analysis uses dynamic explicit finite element method . according to regulation of sled test and designed structure size about crash energy absorption machine equipment , models of crashed steel panel and square column are established by ansys / ls ? dyna software 仿真分析研究以显式动态有限元法理论为基础，在ansys ls ? dyna软件中根据台车碰撞试验对机械碰撞缓冲吸能装置的要求及设计的机械碰撞缓冲吸能装置的结构尺寸，建立了受冲钢板及方形梁的仿真模型。
