The research reveals that linguistic politeness in arguments in american courts shares great similarities with that in chinese courts ; negative politeness strategies are most frequently employed by lawyers , followed by positive politeness strategies and off record strategies . it is also found that such linguistic means as hedge , impersonalize s and h , give reasons , give deference , rhetorical questions and include both s and h in the activity are most favored by chinese and american lawyers 中美律师在法庭辩论中最常用的是消极礼貌策略，其次是积极礼貌策略和非公开的礼貌策略；律师最常用的实现礼貌的语言形式依次是：模糊限制语、说话人和听话人非个人化、提供原因、表达尊重、设问以及把说话人和听话人都包括在同一项活动中等。
Following a review of origin , element and advantages of private placement , suggestion on improving existing private placement system in china is put forward in an effort to put into full play the advantage of private placement system and facilitate its growth 本文在介绍分析证券私募制度的由来、要素及优势的基础上，结合我国市场及法规制度实际情况，从有利于发挥证券非公开发行制度优势、有利于促进企业利用该制度融资与发展的角度，提出了完善我国证券非公开发行制度的建议。
The icac made full and extensive use of their powers , including electronic surveillance , search warrants and public and private hearings with the result that there was evidence to suggest that two councillors were involved in soliciting substantial bribes from developers , through go - betweens , in return for supporting their development proposals 廉署在调查这宗瞩目的案件期间，充分运用其权力，包括利用电子监视系统、执行搜查令，以及举行公听会及非公开聆讯。最后，证据显示两名议员透过中间人向发展商索取巨额贿款，作为支持其发展计划的报酬。
Private funds , which have n ' t been under control of china ' s current laws and regulations , are newly emerging things in china ' s stock market . borrowed from foreign definitions , a private fund , usually a " closed - end " fund , is set up among a group of people , each contributing a significant amount of money and investing into a particular class of assets 私募基金是我国证券市场上的新生事物，目前在我国的法律法规中还找不到私募基金的准确定义，借鉴国外的说法，私募基金就是私下直接面向特定投资者，以非公开的招募说明书募集来的资金。
Thirdly , the thesis puts forward the concrete resolution : we should develop non - public rights and interests capital market and cultivate risk investment fund on the stock financing ; we should strengthen the relation with banks on the liabilities financing ; we should expand the financing methods and change the financing construction , and form the different financing construction according to the different development stages of mini - enterprises on the financing construction 第三部分主要研究我国中小企业融资存在的问题与改革方向。提出应通过发展非公开权益资本市场，培育风险投资基金，加强与银行的关系等方面的改进与完善，扩宽中小企业的融资渠道，从而改变现有的融资结构。第四部分为中小企业融资效率分析。
