On the surface of msta , there exists true dipole mode in the indian ocean , that ' s to say that if the temperature anomaly in the western indian ocean is positive , it is much likely that there is negative anomaly in the eastern indian ocean . dipole mode also exists in the pacific as that in the indian ocean . by virtue of the walker circulation and the similar circulation above the indian ocean , it is showed that the air - sea interaction events in the tropical pacific and the indian ocean develop with each other at the same time 由于在次表层海温距平极值面上，热带西、东印度洋的海温距平呈真正意义的偶极子模态，即当西印度洋海温距平为正(负)时，东印度洋海温距平为负(正) ，偶极子模态的海温距平分布在热带太平洋同样存在，两大洋海温距平的偶极子模态间有密切的联系，结合walker环流和印度洋上空的类似walker环流，进而指出热带印度洋和太平洋海气相互作用事件是协调发展的。
Research manifests that : ( 1 ) allocation in the year of precipitation is very uneven , and yearly precipitation is different in great scope , negative anomaly of precipitation appear concentratly in the 1990s , the precipitation in the 1990s decreased in different degree ; ( 2 ) close positive correlation exists between runoff and precipitation , runoff is abundant in the year with prolific precipitation , and generally in the year with scarce rain the volume of runoff is not enough ; ( 3 ) there is 20 % margin in their changes amplitude , this mainly resulted from high frequent human activities 结果表明： ( 1 )流域内降水年内分配极其不均；年际变化剧烈，进入90年代后降水负距平集中出现， 20世纪90年代降水较多年均值有较大程度的减少； ( 2 )流域内河川径流与降水之间存在密切的正相关关系，降水量多的年份，河川径流丰富，反之较枯； ( 3 )河川径流积极响应降水的变化，然而河川径流变化幅度却比降水变化幅度大20 % ，这个偏差主要是由于频繁的人类活动的干扰造成的。
The climate change characteristics of precipitation in the west region of china have been analyzed and studied comprehensively based on the data of yearly , seasonal , monthly precipitation sequence and the number of rainy days on yearly . seasonal and temperature departure sequence of the globa , the northern hemisphere during the period of 1961 to 2000 at 109 stations in the west region of china 本文利用中国西部地区109站1961年到2000年年降水序列、季降水序列、月降水序列，中国西部109站的年、四季雨日数，全球、北半球1961年至2000年年、季温度距平序列，对中国西部降水的气候变化特征进行了全面研究。
The precipitation character of the middle part of viet nam and its relation to the atmospheric circle . the autumn precipitation of the middle part of viet nam has obvious variations in inter - annual and inter - decade scale with clearly quasi 6a , 10a , 15a period ; in heavy rainfall years , there are a positive anomaly over the north - west pacific and a negative anomaly over japan ; while in deficient rainfall years , the anomaly distribution is on the contrary ; 4 . the precipitation character of the south part of viet nam and its relation to the atmospheric circle . the research finds that the rainfall of the south part of vietnam usually concentrates in the autumn every year and a clear difference of atmosphere condition exists between that of flood and drought years 越南中部降水变化特征及其与大气环流和海温的关系越南中部秋季降水具有明显的年际、年代际变化特征，具有明显的准6a 、 10a 、 15a左右的周期；越南中部多雨年， 500hpa高度距平场在热带西北太平洋为正距平，日本附近上空为负距平；而少雨年则相反；越南中部多雨年，热带中东太平洋海温异常偏高，西太平洋海温异常偏低；少雨年则相反；越南中部多雨年，登陆越南的台风频数偏多；而少雨年则相反。
The study on the time series of global land average seasonal precipitation points out that the interannual and interdecadal fluctuations of the rainfall are clear . the late 1940s - late 1960s and the 1980s - 1990s corresponds to wet period and dry period respectively , and the 1970s expresses a apparent interannual variation of rainfall 指出降水有明显的年际和年代际尺度的振荡， 1940s末至1960s末为多雨期， 1980s至今降水多为负距平； 1970s降水的年际变化比较大。
Furthermore , analysis on the relation between the local wind stress curl anomalies ( wsca ) and smta shows that wsca plays different roles on smta due to its different variances . there exists strong correlation between them in those regions with large variance of wsca , and the change of wsca precedes that of smta . the analysis also shows that wsca mainly affects smta by changing the depth of the thermocline 进一步分析了局地风应力旋度异常( wsca )与smta的关系，指出由于不同区域的wsca的变率不同，从而对smta的影响也不同，在wsca变率大的区域，两者具有很强的相关性，而且风应力的变化早于温度距平的变化；分析还表明， wsca主要是通过影响温跃层深度对smta产生影响的。
( 4 ) latitude and meridional wind stress fields both have the character of quasi - quadrennial and quasi - biennial oscillation , but their phases are different . so their conjunct effect makes enso oscillation have both quasi - quadrennial and quasi - biennial periodicity and erratic , which causes the forecast of enso events uncertainty ( 4 )纬向和经向风应力距平场具有准4a和准2a的振荡性质，但是位相存在差异，因此共同作用下造成enso振荡既有准4a和准2a的周期性，又有不规则性，对于enso事件的预报带来不确定性。
In this paper , decadal variability of tropic and north pacific ' s ssta and of precipitation in china , correlations between them and the possible mechanisms of the ssta decadal change compacting on the precipitation decadal change are analyzed by using ncep globe temperature , wind and height data ( 1948 - 2001 ) , coads ssta data ( 1900 - 2001 ) and 147 stations " precipitation data in china . results show that : ( 1 ) mid - high latitude north pacific and tropic west pacific ssta have obvious decadal change , the prior ' s decadal change has great variance and the latter ' s has great contribution in total variance , the main eigenvectors " distribution are stable in eof of tropic and north pacific ssta ' s decadal variability , the key area of the first eigenvector allots in two sides of tropic pacific ; the second one ' s allots in mid - high latitude northwest pacific and low latitude mid - east pacific which vary contrary ; the third one ' s allots in middle north pacific 本文利用ncep资料( 1948 - 2001年)中的全球表面温度场、风场、高度场资料， coads ( 1900 - 2001年)海表面温度距平资料及中国147个站点1951 - 2001年共51年的降水资料，探讨了热带及北太平洋ssta 、中国降水的年代际变化特征，夏季热带及北太平洋ssta年代际变化与中国夏季降水年代际变化的耦合相互关系以及夏季热带及北太平洋ssta年代际变化影响中国夏季降水年代际变化的可能机制，结果表明： ( 1 )北太平洋中高纬与热带西太平洋均有明显的年代际变化，北太平洋中高纬年代际变化方差显著，而热带西太平洋年代际变化方差贡献显著。
4 , the summer rainfall anomaly in northeast china bears close correlation with the atmospheric circulation backgroud . while cold air in middle and high levels of troposphere is active in wet year with the positive anomalies over high - latitude and polar area , the active longwave ridge , the anomalous long - wave ridge in northeast china and inner - mogolia as well as the northward and eastward of the polar vortex , the contrary is in the dry year in northeast china 4东北地区夏季降水异常与大气环流背景有密切的关系，东北地区夏季多雨年在对流层中、高层冷空气比较活跃，高纬和极区主要由位势高度的正距平所控制，贝加尔湖以北的地区长波脊较为活跃，在东北地区和蒙古地区有异常的长波槽发展，极涡位置偏北、偏东；而在东北地区夏季少雨年则容易出现与上述相反的异常环流形式。
