Upon the above views , this paper compares academic thoughts on allotment of burden of proof between the civil law system and the common law system , thus reaching the view that the principal of " classification of legal element " supplemented by other substantial standards on the burden of proof shall be adopted . this principle shall be the main ground for the court to decide merits of the case within its discretion , especially in the circumstance where there is no sufficiently substantial rules on burden of proof in the statute . the burden of proof in marine cargo claim shall adopt the same principle accordingly 在此基础上，比较分析了大陆法系和英美法系国家举证责任分配各学说，提出我国应采“法律要件分类说”为主，以实质标准为补充的举证责任分配原则，这一举证责任分配原则应当作为法院在审理案件时在缺乏实体法举证责任规则规定的情况下，在对诉讼当事人举证责任进行分配时应当遵循的总“指挥棒” ；同样应作为我国海运货损索赔举证责任分配之一般原则。
Starting from the regulations on marine insurance in china ' s laws and international laws , the treatise studies the legal regulations on the right of subrogation of marine insurance both domestically and abroad ; furthermore , the treatise explains the relationships between the right of subrogation and the " letter of subrogation in terms of civil laws , as well as insurable interest , litigants , objects of litigation , and extinctive prescription ; at last , the treatise discusses the application of law concerning the right of subrogation of marine insurance after china ' s entry into wto 论文从中国法与国际法关于海上保险求偿权的规定的比较入手，研讨国内关于海上保险代位求偿权的法律规定，进而从民法的角度说明代位求偿权与“权益转让书”的关系，以及诉讼中的保险利益、诉讼当事人、诉讼标的、诉讼时效问题，最后浅谈我国加入wto后海上保险代位求偿权的法律适用。
The case that could be indicted by the prosecutorial organization was the one which damaged common benefit of community seriously or destroy the public law order in our country . the law status of the prosecutorial organization in the civil public prosecution can only be litigant , and the most exact appellation should be " civil public prosecutor " , possessing the punishment right in entity and procedure . the civil public prosecution case still touch on some particular procedural problems , such as the problem of preparation before prosecution , prosecutorial domination problem , entity plaintiff problem , the problem of appeal together with the counter claim , litigation supervision problem and the particular effectiveness problem of the civil public prosecution 我国可以由检察机关提起民事公诉的案件主要是严重损害社会公共利益或破坏公法秩序的案件。检察机关在民事公诉中只能处于诉讼当事人的法律地位，最准确的称谓应该是“民事公诉人” ，应享有实体及程序上的处分权。民事公诉案件还涉及到某些特殊的程序问题，如诉前准备程序、检察管辖问题、实体原告问题、上诉与反诉问题、诉讼监督问题、民事公诉的特殊效力问题等。
All the persons who comply with the conditions of brin ging and answering a lawsuit , no matter whether they are related with the interests claimed and the interests is admitted or not by law , can be the litigation parties , which is the developing trend of modern civil litigation system in theory and practice 一切符合起诉、应诉程序要件的人，不论他是否与所主张的利益有关，也不管他所主张的利益是否得到法律的承认，均可成为诉讼当事人，这是现代民事诉讼的理论和实践的发展趋势。依此理论，诉讼当事人可以不是直接利害关系当事人。
