The inconsistent excitation can be decomposed into a series of irregular incident waves in terms of the spectral decomposition scheme of the hermitian matrix , with which the coherency function of the ground motions under the inconsistent excitation can be obtained numerical results are given to show its stability and rationality 该方法将随机输入下的波动分析问题转换为多个虚拟激励下的确定性波动分析组合问题，从而可以方便地获得场地波动观测量之间的谱密度矩阵，进而计算给出工程场地的地震动相干函数本文还用数值模拟的办法对所提出方法的合理性和稳定性进行了探讨。
An on - line minimum - variance estimator was developed for thrust acceleration applied to orbit transfer using discrete - time radar measurements . the mass - flow - rate of propellant was selected as a state variant , which was estimated by employing an integral state model and ekf filter . the variation equations for measurement vector to mass - flow - rate have been established to linearize the discrete - time measurement equations . the algorithm has applied successfully to maneuver process in commanding satellite into geo - stationary orbit . the results show that the algorithm developed here can monitor and determine whether engine works well or failure precisely and quickly during orbit transfer process 飞行器轨道机动过程中,为跟踪、定位机动目标和干预机动控制过程,需要统计处理离散的雷达观测量实时估计推进发动机的推力,进而确定飞行器的瞬时轨道参数.本文所述算法是该工程问题的探讨和解决方案.文章建立了轨道机动过程中连续变质量运动模型和离散雷达量测模型,推进发动机的质量秒耗量作为表征推力加速度的一个近似常量,应用扩展卡尔曼滤波对离散的雷达测量数据进行顺序统计处理给出秒耗量的最小方差估计;文章详细地推导了线性化量测模型的变分方程和观测矩阵;仿真结果表明该算法能快速、准确地估计推进发动机的质量秒耗量和向机动目标施加的实际推力
We write the program which used for fighting errors in absolute positioning . we also write the program which used for linear combinating in absolute positioning . from analyzing for the measurement of outer , we can conclude that we can use m estimation to estimate parameter in gps absolute positioning . lt has application value . using it , we can obstain the stable positioning result and remove the outer . in this paper , we calculate the data which from the baseline space of the gps calibration space . we also draw some conclusion using broadcast ephemeredes and smoothing pseudoranges . the positionging precision is in 1 - 2 meter 编制了gps绝对定位中抗差估计程序和应用线性组合进行单点定位的程序。通过对粗差量级的分析，得出在gps观测量存在粗差时， m估计是有其应用价值的，它使定位结果较为稳定，减弱和剔除了粗差的影响。应用线性组合程序对gps综合检定场数据基线网点进行计算，得出用广播星历和平滑后的伪距可以给出较好的结果，点位精度在1 ? 2米。
Because the ins error equation is unstable , some initial states error will cause error floating and error accumulating , if the filter observations were only position error , kalman filter will converge very slowly , and some states error ( such as yaw error ) will be great . since the milemeter altimeter and piloting could only output position information , this paper put forward a method , firstly estimateing states and then kalman filtering , to improve filtering effect . simulation proved that this method could effectively reduce the system states error , quicken filtering convergence and improve filtering precision 由于惯导系统( lsins )的误差方程是发散的，某些初始状态的误差会引起误差的漂移和积累，当观测量只有位置误差时，卡尔曼滤波的收敛速度很慢，某些状态(如方位角)误差很大，而以上除惯导外的其它导航传感器直接提供的只是位置信息，为了改善滤波器性能，本文根据里程计等传感器的特点，提出了首先对状态做出估计，然后在状态估计的基础上，进行卡尔曼滤波的方法。
Z - tranformation augmented fasf algorithm proposed in the dissertation can reduce the search space of integer ambiguity effectively , improve the effiency and real - time processing ability of integer ambiguity resolution ; it is essential to analyse the reliability of integer ambiguity after it was fixed , the ratio test algorithm proposed in the dissertation can reduce the time to fix new integer ambiguity after wrong fixes are detected ; to reduce further the number of epochs required for ambiguity resolution , that the baseline length constraint information which acts as observables is used to do kalman filtering to speed up ambiguity resolution is proposed 本文提出的z变换增强fasf算法能有效的减小模糊值搜索空间，提高整周模糊值解算的速度和实时性；整周模糊值确定后，需要对整周模糊值的可靠性进行分析，本文提出的比率检测算法能有效的减少整周模糊值错误确定后整周模糊值二次解算所需要的时间；为了进一步减少整周模糊值解算所需的历元数目，本文提出把基线长度先验信息作为观测量进行卡尔曼滤波辅助整周模糊值求解。
The braess paradox model is taken as an example to reveal the essence of entropy - maximization and utility - maximization which lies in the unity of the most efficient for the whole and the fairest for local parts and individuals . the internal symmetry of the scaling laws are bring to light based on the dual model of entropy - and utility - maximization . the internal symmetry including translational symmetry , dilation symmetry , and bilateral symmetry originate from relative energy - conservation and information conservation of urban systems reflected by the dual models , and parity conservation of scaling laws 揭示标度律及其等价模型各种对称性质,发现城市系统具有平移对称、镜像对称和标度对称等内部对称性,这些对称性都对应着城市系统的不可观测量,其本质在于系统内部隐含的守恒律,包括标度变换的奇偶守恒、能量和信息的相对守恒等。
