Secondly , the principle of constructive causation is a value use for reference in affirming causation between insider ' s act and investor ' s damage , which means appropriate causation can be inferred from that investor has good intentions and deals with insider simultaneously in the opposite direction 其次，在因果关系的认定上应当适用推定因果关系，即投资者只要能证明其为善意并同时为相反方向交易，法律便推定行为人的行为与投资者的损害事实之问有相当的因果关系，法律推定因果关系成立。
In china environmental tort law system in modern sense has already , the forms of it are constitution law , civil law , environmental protection law , interpretation of law , etc . china ocean environmental protection law ( 1982 ) has established the criterion of liability without negligence , the requisites to constitute an environmental tort are injurious act , damage , causation , etc . among of them injurious act is the prerequisite of environmental tort 我国环境侵权法的无过失责任原则最先是由《海洋环境保护法》确立的。环境侵权的构成要件有行为的违法性(侵害行为) 、损害事实、侵害行为与损害事实之间的因果关系等三个条件构成的。其中行为的违法性(侵害行为)是构成环境侵权的前提，因为合法行为不能引起民事责任的产生。
The responsibility of the moral injury compensation consists of four factors : the tort , the injury fact , the causality between the tort and the fact and the infringer " s subjective trespass . the natural person enjoy the right of request for moral injury because of the damage of personal right . the topic , how to determine the subject position of the artificial person , the vegetable person and the disable person is discussed in this paper theoretically 精神损害赔偿责任的构成要件由侵权行为、精神损害事实、侵权行为与精神损害之间有因果关系、行为人主观上有过错等四个方面构成。自然人因人身权遭受非法侵害，享有精神损害赔偿请求权，法人、植物人及丧失行为能力的精神病人的主体地位如何，本文从理论上进行了探讨。
From published articles about news tort , participants in news circle pay more attention to supervision and priority of liberty value of news but others to importance of protecting legal rights of citizens and legal person . on the whole , the research in tort act law is in beginning and there are so many problems in the stage of imploration and discussion . therefore , that brings about certain difficulty to authorities so as to use different value standard in different courts , which is disadvantageous to seriousness of law and to active function of news medium just as for question about compensation for spiritual harm 在分析理论界不同观点和意见分歧的基础上,阐述了作者自己的观点,认为新闻侵权民事责任适用过错责任归责原则,其构成要件仍符合传统侵权行为法意义上的四要件说,但在表现形式上有其特殊之处,体现在:第一,行为人通过大众传媒实施了有损特定公民和法人人格权的行为;第二,新闻侵权行为造成了一定的损害事实;第三,行为与损害结果之间有因果关系;第四,新闻侵权行为人有过错。
