Multi - locus dna fingerprint technique was used to check the chimerism of chimeric mouse generated by injecting es cells into blastocysts and to detect whether the chimeric mouse is a germ - line chimeras . the results indicated that : the multi - locus dna fingerprint with a new synthesized probe - jl - 02 , has enough polymerism and good stability , and should be very useful to monitor the chimerism in different tissues of es cell chimeric mouse and to check whether an es cell line has the capacity to enter the germ line , especially when involving strains that can not be discerned with coat color or biochemical markers 尝试应用多位点dna指纹技术，检测经过胚胎干细胞es细胞途径所获得的嵌合体小鼠中es细胞在各种脏器中的嵌合情况检测es细胞在嵌合体小鼠中是否实现种系传递。结果表明：采用新型的人工合成的寡核苷酸多聚体探针jl - 02探针的多位点dna指纹图谱，具有足够的多态性和很好的稳定性。
This study did microinjection to kunming white mouse inbred embryos to test its in vitro developmental ability , then pluripotency of porcine eg cells was tested with production of chimera by blastocyst injection . finally , first chimeric pig in china was delivered , and by chimera analysis , chimerism is present in some tissues 本研究首先利用近交系昆明白小鼠进行胚胎显微注射观察发育效果，然后利用所获五指山猪eg细胞制作嵌合体检验eg细胞多能性，最终获得国内首例胚胎干细胞( eg细胞)嵌合体猪，经dna分析确认在多种组织中存在嵌合状态。
The experiment includes two procedure . first , sd rats were conditioned with 5 . 5gy sublethal total body irradiation ( tbi ) , followed by infusion of balb / c mice bone marrow cells 8x107 on day 0 , then were intraperitonially administered cyclophosphamide ( cp ) 150mg / kg on day 2 . the procedure let sd rats become chimerism and have specific immunologic tolerance 实验分两步：第一步， sd大鼠经亚至死剂量5 . 5gy全身照射后，尾静脉输入balb c小鼠的骨髓细胞8 10 ~ 7 ， 2天后腹腔内注射环磷酰胺150mg kg ，诱导形成嵌合体大鼠，使其对balb c小鼠产生特异性免疫耐受。
In order to prove hwtx - i that can be used as one of natural scaffolds for protein engineering . we have synthesized two multiple mutants : hw - ma and rgd - ma and natural co - conotoxin mviia by using solid phase method with fmoc chemistry on peptide synthesizer and by hand respectively 为了证明hwtx -可以作为蛋白质工程研究的一种天然的骨架分子，本文运用fmoc化学，用手工和固相合成仪合成了两个hwtx -的多个位点的嵌合体： hw - ma及rgd - hw ，以及合成了天然- conotoxinmviia 。
Strain bl21 , and gene expression was induced by iptg . the target proteins were directed into the periplasmic space by the staphylococcal protein a signal sequence preceding the rgd - hirudin gene . using ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration chromatography , the chimera proteins were purified , and both of them showed a single band in tricine - sds - page . the results of activity analysis suggested that these two chimera proteins not only have antithrombin activities , but gain platelet aggregation inhibitory activities as well 通过离子交换层析和凝胶过滤层分别对两种嵌合体蛋白进行纯化，纯化产物在tricine - sds - page中都显示为单一条带。活性分析结果表明两种嵌合体蛋白在保留水蛭素抗凝血酶活力的同时，还呈现抗血小板聚集活性。
After dna analysis , six white pigs is not present chimerism in various tissues . to one skin pigment piglet , chimerism is present in skin , brain , pancreas , pituitary gland and blood , but not in heart , lung , liver , spleen , kidney , intestine and ovary . the detection of another skin - pigment chimera is similar to the analysis result of wzsp 通过dna分析进一步得出，所产8头仔猪，其中六头白猪体组织未发现嵌合现象；其中一头皮肤色素嵌合体猪的皮肤、大脑、胰、甲状腺、血是嵌合的，而心、肺、肝、脾、肾、空肠、卵巢这些组织并没有嵌合；另一头皮肤色素嵌合体猪的检测结果和五指山猪取得相似的结果。
Hostas , as important landscape plants used for ground cover in the forest , have been planted in europe and america countries for many years . being ornamental value of flowers and foliages , broadly adaptable and shade tolerance , hostas have been broadly applied for landscape use in china in recent years . based on systemically analysis of hosta germ plasm resource , cultivar resource , and the status of multipropagation technology and chimera researches , some investigation and experiments have been done in this article , including tissue culture , chimera characteristics , production and applying status of hostas in china 本文在较为全面、系统地分析玉簪属植物种质资源与品种资源、扩繁技术和嵌合体研究问题的基础上，以几种玉簪属植物和花叶玉簪的主要园艺品种为试材，进行了组织培养快繁的比较试验；并利用植物生理生化与形态解剖学手段，对性状稳定且具有推广价值的花叶玉簪品种h . ‘ sosweet ’进行了嵌合体特性的研究；本文还对玉簪属植物在国内的引种、生产和应用现状进行了调查、分析。
Compared with the existed two models , our model is a little crude in that human cells can " t survival long enough to prove hscs " long - term repopulating ability . but the following strategies may be useful in prolonging human cells " survival in rat : 1 ) enlarge the cell number injected every neonatal rat ; 2 ) use human stromal cells for co - transplantation ; 3 ) use human - specific cytokines ; 4 ) transplant for more than one times 尽管本实验中嵌合鼠外周血中人源细胞所占比例较低，但脐血造血干细胞在新生大鼠体内出现多向分化、发育，因此，用新生大鼠可以建立人大鼠造血嵌合体模型，进行脐血造血干细胞体内生物学特性及干细胞可塑性的研究提供有价值的实验数据，同时对其它成体干细胞的可塑性研究具有很好指导意义。
In contrast to murine studies , studies of human hscs have relied on a number of in vitro assays that identify cells with the capacity to generate hematopoietic progenitors in long - term culture and to differentiation into multiple hematopoietic lineages . recently , two elegant animal models that enable the in vivo measurement of human hscs marrow repopulating potential have been developed . one is the sheep in utero transplantation system in which human hematopoietic progenitor cells are transferred into the sheep fetus in utero before the development of the ovine immune system 早在80年代中期， zanjani等就利用胚胎期免疫系统发育不完善，将人的造血干细胞移植到妊娠中期胚羊腹腔内，成功地建立了人胎羊造血干细胞嵌合体移植模型，并以此实验模型作为体内检测人造血干细胞和人骨髓间充质干细胞多向分化潜能的方法。
Different amount of copies in different tissues attribute to the different density of positive signals . the result of the experiment suggested that the transgenic animals can be produced by spermatozoa - mediated gene transfer after the entrapment of liposome . and because the exogenous dna occurs losing the segments . partly integration , or existin g outside of genome dna , the rate of chimerism is relatively high 结果表明： ( 1 )脂质体包裹外源基因转染精子的方法，可将外源基因导入受精卵中，能够获得转基因动物，并得到了较高的转基因阳性率； ( 2 )精子携带的外源dna的整合过程是随机的，在受精过程和胚胎早期分化过程中可能发生了片段丢失、不完全整合或游离于基因组存在而产生嵌合体。
