天气条件

• 2 ) from the analysis of the aerodynamic parameters and turbulent flux transfer under different synoptic conditions we achieve the conclusion that on sands raising and sandstorm days turbulent momentum and sensible - heat fluxes are important exchange factors in the boundary layer , with turbulent exchange stronger in sandstorm weather than both on fine and sand raising days . prior to the occurrence of such an event , in particular , the super - adiabatic instability in the near - surface boundary will reinforce sandstorm weather condition . 3 ) atmospheric turbulent diffusion parameters z and y have apparent daily variation
  沙尘天气下以亲地壳元素为主的气溶胶元素浓度均高于背景大气和浮尘天气，而且沙尘天气强度愈强，元素浓度的增加愈显著；背景大气、浮尘天气条件下亲地壳元素的浓度一般在10 ~ ( - 1 ) 10 ~ 0 g m ~ 3量级，扬沙、沙尘暴时一般达10 ~ 1 g m ~ 3量级，特强沙尘暴时高达10 ~ 2 g m ~ 3量级。
• By investigation on the relationship between period , quantity , extend of ostrinia furnacalis emergence and meteorological factors in qiqihaer , this paper analyzes the factors which effect on period , quantity , extend of ostrinia furnacalis about annual wave . the beginning time of ostrinia furnacalis pupae emergence depends on average temperature in may and june , weather conditions in july decide whether ostrinia furnacalis pupae finish ahead of time ; the beginning time of eclosion is decided by average lowest temperature and precipitation in may and june , and the end time of eclosion is decided by average lowest temperature in june and july , meantime , the length of time of ostrinia furnacalis eclosion and time of grub emergence influence on the extent of ostrinia furnacalis . an important condition of a great emergence of ostrinia furnacalis is that how temperature matchs humidity , which substantially result in reduction of maize output
  本研究项目通过对齐齐哈尔市玉米螟发生期、发生量、发生程度与气象条件关系的分析，找出玉米螟发生期、发生量、发生程度年际波动的影响因子： 5 、 6月的平均气温决定了玉米螟化蛹开始的早晚， 7月的天气条件决定玉米螟化蛹是否提前结束； 5 、 6月的平均最低气温和降水则决定羽化开始的早晚， 6 、 7月的平均最低气温又决定了玉米螟羽化结束的早晚；而玉米螟羽化持续时间的长短和幼虫发生的早晚影响了玉米螟的发生程度；温湿条件配合适当与否是促使玉米螟大发生的重要条件，玉米螟大发生又会引起玉米的大幅度减产。
• Some preliminary conclusions of making better image quality are obtained by observing some effects of climate conditions on quality of solar image during spectral observations . they are : ( 1 ) quality of imaging to be better when the wind stops or weaken suddenly during the wind blows continuously ; ( 2 ) if the wind blows at the whole night and it is fine day in the next morning , then the image quality will be better than before . ( 3 ) the image quality is getting fine in short time after the cloudy . ( 4 ) the good solar image to be formed under the condition of a beginning of fine day after the cloudy or raining days
  在多年的太阳光谱观测中，通过观察各种天气条件的变化对光谱仪成像质量的影响，初步总结出使像质优良的几条规律： 1 )在连续刮风过程中当风突然停止或减弱的短暂时间内像质明显变好； 2 )当夜间通宵有风而次日天气晴朗时像质变好； 3 )多云过后的短暂晴天成像优良； 4 )接连阴雨几天后的开始晴天像质较好。
• Based on the spectral irradiance measured with the sun - atmosphere ultraviolet spectrum radiometer ( sauvs ) developed by the institute of atmosphere physics and the changchun institute of optics and fine mechanics , chinese academy of sciences , measuring the direct and scatter irradiance spectrum of ultraviolet waveband which arrives in beijing global surface , giving a method of retrieving the aerosol optical depth ( aod ) and put up with primary results that exponential function can fit the retrieval results according to its visibility , putting forth different coefficients and functions on variable visibility , also giving a primary analysis on the aod in dust - storm day and some contrast between sun - day and dust - storm day , analyzing the ratio between scatter and total irradiance , and its relationship with atmosphere mass and total atmosphere optical depth , lastly contrasting with the survey results by aeronet beijing station , the results of retrieval is in reason , this work gives some help in researching the co - effect of aerosol - radiance - climate and makes preparation for further survey on the radiance characteristics of dust
  利用中国科学院大气物理研究所与长春光学精密机械研究所合作研制的太阳?大气紫外光谱辐射计( sauvs ) ，测量到达北京地表的太阳直接和散射紫外光谱辐射，导出了大气气溶胶的光学厚度。初步结果表明：北京紫外波段大气气溶胶的光学厚度在绝大部分情况下随波长的增加而单调减小，用指数函数可以较好地拟合反演结果，统计得到了三个水平能见度状况下拟合函数的系数值和公式表达式；初步分析了扬沙、浮尘、沙尘暴天气条件下气溶胶光学厚度的特点，并与一般晴朗天气条件下的气溶胶光学厚度特点做了比较分析；分析了太阳紫外谱辐射中散射辐射与大气质量、大气总光学厚度的定性关系和定量表达式；最后与全球气溶胶监测网络( aeronet )北京站的资料做比对，表明反演结果基本合理。
• The way how the dangerous weather factors affect the flight safety and the way to deal with have also been analyzed . in this paper , four kinds of dangerous weather factors are mainly analyzed and researched . first the basic conceptions of them are expatiated , and the reasons that they form and the intensity factors that they appear are analyzed
  首先从理论上对这四种危险天气的基本概念进行了阐述，分析了它们的产生原因、影响它们出现的强度因子以及它们对飞行安全的影响；然后采用理论结合实际的方法，通过对具体的事例进行研究，分别针对四种危险天气对飞行安全的影响进行了剖析，并且对在航空运输活动中，如何保障飞行安全，提出了不同危险天气条件下的相应对策与方法。
• 1 ) the number of sandstorm days from 12 weather stations in the helanshan zone is documented , indicating that the events can happen on the east and west sides of the ranges all the year round , with high frequencies in april to may , averaging 3 . 2 and 3 . 1 days on the west side , respectively and with the eastern high frequency in april , averaging 2 . 0 days . also , analysis reveals that the high frequency period for eastern station yanchi and western guaizihu is april , with 5 . 4 and 5 . 2 days , on average , respectively
  银川、巴音浩特和通古淖尔三地背景大气沙尘气溶胶粒子的数浓度谱和质量浓度谱均呈单峰型，服从对数正态分布，与城市污染物气溶胶的三峰、双峰质量谱明显不同。浮尘、扬沙、沙尘暴天气条件下，平均数浓度和质量浓度是依次增加的，可相差4 - 7倍。沙尘气溶胶粒子谱分布还与地理位置有关。
• The article is based on nation nature science foundation of china , " biogeochemical cycling of pollutants in complex environments of tidal flats in the yangtze estuary " ( no . 40131020 ) . the author chose open tidal flat of dong tang chongming yangtze estuary as research object and set up typical section plane so that under the good condition , the author measured hydrology element , total nitrogen and total phosphor index
  本文依托国家自然科学基金重点项目“长江口滨岸潮滩复杂环境条件下物质循环研究” (批准号： 40131020 ) ，选择了长江口崇明东滩敞开型潮滩为研究对象，设置典型断面，在平静天气条件下，实测了水文、地球化学要素，获得了水位、流向、流速、 tn及tp等指标6000多个实测数据，着重对长江口潮滩水动力过程、 tn和tp的动力输移过程进行研究。
• To investigate the space / time distributions and occurrence and evolution of such events , the diffusion pattern over deserts , turbulent transfer features in sandstorm weather , the particle size distribution , mass concentration and its distribution , optic properties , chemical composition and physical factors responsible for the initiation of raising sands , we made integrative observation and sounding of sandstorms deep in the large - scale desert area , including tengri , badanjilin and maowusu , with the items consisting of micrometeorological measurement , 3d wind observation , data from kb - 120 and anderson samplers of mass concentrations of sands with their spectrum , the distribution of aerodynamic particle sizes from the aps3310a , retrieval of aerosols " optic depth from sunphotometer data , assay of the chemical composition by means of neutron activiation analysis ( naa ) and integrated study of all related factors for causing sandstorm to occur , based on the observations of all kinds
  利用所取资料，系统分析了不同强度沙尘天气条件下沙尘气溶胶质量浓度和质量浓度谱、粒子谱分布、光学厚度、化学组分等特征；综合分析了影响沙尘起动的诸物理因子在沙尘起动中的作用；用沙尘输送模式对一次沙尘暴天气造成的泥雨过程的形成机制进行了模拟。历史气象资料统计分析表明，沙尘暴有其高发期( 4 、 5月)和高发时段( 14 - 20时) ， 14时到20时之间发生的沙尘暴约占沙尘暴总次数的66 。扬沙和沙尘暴天气条件下，湍流动量通量和湍流感热通量都是重要的湍流交换，沙尘暴发生前近地层的超绝热不稳定对沙尘暴天气有加强作用。
• By analyzed the relation between dangerous weather and flight safety , the conclusion that the appearance of an aviation accident is influenced not only one kind of danger weather factor but also several kinds of dangerous weather factors . and some measures of aircraft operation that aviation operation controllers take are pointed out in dangerous weather
  通过危险天气与民航安全性问题的分析，得出一次飞行安全事故的发生，不仅仅是一种危险天气造成的，而是多种危险天气综合作用的结果；同时，指出了航空运行控制人员在危险天气条件下对航空器运行的处理手段。