Directions are obtained by two means : calculation and measure . our investigations are summed as follows : 1 the lpo relations between olivine and orthopyroxene are different from usually situations : 100ol 001opx , 010ol 100opx , 001ol 010opx ; 2 the seismic anisotropy of the ultramafic rocks in damaping is obvious . their characters are consistent with the structures of the rocks and fabrics of minerals , which means seismic anisotropy is mainly controlled by rocks fabrics ; 3 seismic velocities suggest that the composition of upper mantle in damaping region is resemble to the xenoliths , which major component is lherzolite 不同2大麻坪地区幔源包体的波速各向异性显著，岩石的波速各向异性特征与其宏观构造和微观组构一致，说明岩石组构是造成地震波速各向异性的决定因素3由地震波速推测的大麻坪地区的上地幔成分与包体出露的情况一致，即主体为二辉橄榄岩。
According to the sr - nd isotopic characteristics of peridotite xenoliths and their host basalts , it indicates that xenoliths in hannuoba , puning area may represent source area of the host basalt because of the xenoliths and host rocks being in the same plot ; however , the xenoliths is not directly related to their host rocks of the others area for the xenoliths plot out of the range of their host basaltic rocks . thermal dynamics calculation shows that the peridotite xenoliths are formed in the condition of pressure of 9 . 45 - 25kb and temperature of 945 - 1281 橄榄岩包体及其寄主玄武岩的sr - nd同位素研究表明，汉诺坝与普宁地区部分包体样品投点落在其寄主玄武岩nd和sr同位素的分布范围内，表明橄榄岩包体代表了寄主玄武岩的源区，而其它大部分地区的包体其寄主玄武岩范围之外，表明寄主玄武岩和橄榄岩包体无成因联系，橄榄岩包体只是偶然包体。
The microscopical observation proves that the main types of granitoid rocks are granodiorite and quartz monzodiorite , and the enclave is mainly monzodiorite . the rock - forming minerals are mainly k - feldspar , plagioclase , amphiboie , biotite , quartz , magnetite , titanite , apatite , epidote , etc . the zonation of the feldspars is very popular . the dark - colored minerals , such as biotite and titanite , have been highly oxidized 通过对本区花岗岩类样品进行显微观察研究，知其主要的岩石类型为花岗闪长岩、石英二长闪长岩，其中的岩石包体主要为二长闪长岩，其造岩矿物为钾长石、斜长石、角闪石、黑云母、石英、磁铁矿、榍石、磷灰石和绿帘石等，长石中环带现象比较常见，黑云母、榍石等暗色矿物颜色较深，表明其氧化程度较高。
There are distributed a great number of cenozoic basalts and mantle derived xenoliths in north china and south china . for understanding the materials constitutes , evolution , mantle metasomatism , and inhomogeneity of the lower crust and upper mantle , there is a must of doing some research on these host basalts and the xenoliths 华北、华南地区发育大量新生代玄武岩及幔源包体，对其进行研究，有利于进一步深入了解下地壳和上地幔的物质组成、演化、地幔交代和不均一性以及地球物理反演结果的可靠性等。
Major , trace element composition and sr - nd - pb isotopes of the cenozoic basalts from yangyuan ( hebei province ) and datong ( shanxi province ) , which are located to west of the daxinanling - taihanshan gravity lineament , as well as mineral chemistry , major and trace element composition and sr - nd isotopes of mantle xenoliths from yangyuan are reported in this thesis 本文报道了大兴安岭-太行山重力梯度带以西河北阳原和山西大同新生代玄武岩的元素和sr - nd - pb同位素地球化学及阳原幔源包体的矿物化学、元素和sr - nd同位素地球化学，据此对华北克拉通西部上地幔的性质和过程进行了初步讨论。
It is difficult to conform the derivations of the native heavy minerals , so the author assumes corresponding procedures as follows to accomplish the research task : firstly , according to the composition typomorphic peculiarities of minerals deriving from mantle , the author selected a part of minerals as preliminary reseach objects from the native heavy minerals and then further investigate the mantle ones and their host rocks in two ways : one is the method of comparation with the corresponding minerals of rocks deriving mantle in the research field and other places ; anorther is the method of multivariate statistical analysis 本次工作为了尽可能地排除非幔源矿物的干扰，根据陈光远( 1990 ) 、潘兆橹( 1994 )等学者有关矿物成分标型的论断，筛选出地幔特征元素含量较高的重砂矿物做为初步研究对象，为达到研究目的采取了如下方法：与区内已发现的幔源岩石(如钾镁煌斑岩等) 、国内外有代表性的碱性玄武岩、金伯利岩、钾镁煌斑岩的深源包体中的相应矿物进行对比研究的方法；多元统计分类的方法。
And apatite . by these analyses and comparison with general granite both in china and the world and with the granite in other au or cu belt in china , the characteristics of the granite in this area are concluded as follows . it belongs to magnetite - i or syntectic granite and has crust - mantle mixed characteristics ; it was formed mainly by crystallization differentiation of melting magma and multiphase varied intrusion ; the degree of differentiation evolvement is not high ; the granite and its enclaves p . re congenetic ; the range of temperature is about 500 - 700 , the range of pressure is about 2 . 50 gpa - 4 . 35 gpa , and the range of oxygen fugacity ( lg fo2 ) is - 15 . 53 - - 14 . 00 ; most granite bodies formed before the collision of plates , and few formed after the collision of plates 通过对测试数据的分析与综合研究，并同中国和世界一般花岗岩类以及中国主要金、铜成矿岩体的花岗岩类进行对比，得出本区花岗岩类岩石具有以下特征：属磁铁矿-型或同熔型花岗岩，其岩浆物质具壳幔混源特征：主要由熔融态岩浆经结晶分异作用，通过多期变速上侵而形成；其分异演化程度较低；寄主岩基和包体具有同源性；岩石的形成温度范围约为500 - 700 ，压力大约为2 . 50gpa - 4 . 35gpa ，氧逸度值1gfo _ 2为- 15 . 53 ? 14 . 00 ；该岩带主要形成于板块碰撞前消减的活动板块边缘期，为燕山至喜马拉雅早期的大陆边缘火山弧环境的产物。
To circumvent this problem , advocates of 26al heating hypothesize that some chondrules might have formed earlier in the solar system ' s history ? perhaps closer to the time when the minerals in the refractory inclusions condensed from the solar nebula ? and thus had much higher 26al to 27al ratios 为了解决这个问题，铝26加热说的拥护者假设，某些球粒可能是在太阳系历史的更早期形成，也许与耐火包体开始由太阳系星云的收缩而形成的时间差不多，因此铝26对铝27的比值较高。
Sapphire from shandon and hainan commonly have the reaction border , we found out this reaction border enriched with fe , mg , and k by testing its components ; we also studied the inclusion in the sapphire , and found many kc1 crystal grain with variety of size , a melt inclusion enriched with k , si , is also found , this may suggest an assimilationary - magmatic course ; besides that , another minerl inclusions such as enstenite , magnetite , chromite , zircon are also found 3 、观察到了山东、海南蓝宝石普遍存在的反应边，并测试了反应边的成分，证实其以富fe ， mg ，和k为特征；研究了蓝宝石里面的包体，发现蓝宝石里面存在着大小不等的kcl的结晶颗粒，还发现了富k富si的熔浆包裹体，说明其形成过程中有同化混染的贡献；此外还发现了斜方辉石，磁铁矿，铬铁矿，锆石的包体矿物。
