The characteristics of the deeds of stock market manipulation make it difficult to decide if the deeds are lawful . meanwhile , penal punishments and private civil actions cannot exert their function due to the legal requirements of onus probandi . therefore , it is necessary to have a supervisory and regulatory entity with professional personnel to supervise and regulate beforehand and betimes 重要性的含义是双重的，即监管者的监管是否能发挥积极作用，它与其他的作用机制如民事赔偿责任制度、刑事处罚机制等比较是否具有自身优势;其次，监管者为实现其对股票市场操纵行为的有效监管而应具有的监管权;第三，如何完善我国股票市场操纵行为监管。
Anyone who intimidates , humiliates , beats or retaliates against a witness or his near relatives , if his act constitutes a crime , shall be investigated for criminal responsibility according to law ; if the case is not serious enough for criminal punishment , he shall be punished for violation of public security in accordance with law 对证人及其近亲属进行威胁、侮辱，殴打或者打击报复，构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任；尚不够刑事处罚的，依法给予治安管理处罚。 ”
Warning : this computer program is protected by copyright law and international treaties , and nauthorized reproduction or distribution of this program , or any portion of it , may result in severe civil and criminal penalties , and will be prosecuted to the maximum extent possible under the law . n 警告：本计算机程序受著作权法和国际公约的保护，未经授权擅自复制或散布本程序的部分或全部，将承受严厉的民事和刑事处罚，对已知的违反者将给予法律范围内的全面制裁。 n
Crime with aggravated circumstances can be easily found nearly everywhere in the specific provisions of criminal law , researching broadly and systematically will help further to improve china ' s criminal law theory , a few patterns of their differences with other crimes , the beneficial impact to judicial practice , and adapting in a related case , achieving fair value of the criminal justice 情节加重犯作为我国刑法中广泛存在的一种犯罪形态,包含着重要的刑法价值,对于情节加重犯的理论研究,将对司法实践中的罪数判断和刑事处罚产生影响,以使罪刑设置更加公正和合理。
With regard to the punishment of infant criminal responsibilities , we should try our best to adopt some auxiliary methods of non - penalty and abatement and exemption from penalty . during the application of punishment on juvenile , death penalty and life imprisonment should be removed , and property punishment and qualification punishment should be avoided 在未成年人犯罪的刑事责任实现方式上，应当尽量采用非刑罚方法和免除刑事处罚的辅助性方式；在对未成年人适用刑罚时，应当排除适用死刑和无期徒刑，尽量不适用财产刑和资格刑；在对未成年人适用管制、拘役和有期徒刑时，应当始终贯彻“以教育为主、惩罚为辅”的方针和“从宽处罚”的原则。
The article studied several problems in the crime of irregularities for favoritism non - transferring criminal cases : in relation to the scope of " administrative law enforcements officials " , we put forward the theory of " holding authority " , administrative law enforcements officials should be the people who hold and exercise administrative authority ; in relation to the comprehension of " should be transferred in accordance with law " , we should distinguish " transferred according to law " and " should have transferred " ; administrative punishment and penalty caused by one illegal activity should be combined , we should insist the principle of the prior application of penalty in the procedure application , the execuitive organs shouldn ' t give administrative punishment before transferring criminal cases 摘要对徇私舞弊不移交刑事案件罪的若干问题进行探讨：关于“行政执法人员”的范围，主张“职权享有论” ，行政执法人员是指享有和行使行政职权的人员；关于“依法应当移交”的理解，应区分“依法移交”与“应当移交” ；同一违法行为引起的行政处罚与刑事处罚应合并适用，在程序适用上应坚持刑事优先原则，行政执法机关移交刑事案件前不应先予作出行政处罚。
