Classical economics before keynes nearly disagreed with the economic regulation by government , while keynes held that government should intervene in economy powerfully . however , there still is a huge disagreement on what range government on earth regulates the economy 凯恩斯主义则主张政府加大对经济的干预力度,但是,政府对经济的规制究竟在什么范围内,则仍然存在巨大争论。
John maynard keynes is the pioneer in western macroeconomics , recognized one of the most creative and most influential well - known economists in the 20th century , academic lord whom triggered a revolution in the economic sphere , and the founder of keynesianism 摘要约翰?梅纳德?凯恩斯是西方近代宏观经济学的开创者，是公认的20世纪最具创造性和最有影响力的著名经济学家、在经济学领域引发革命的学术泰斗、凯恩斯主义的创始人。
In macro - economic theory , efficiency of monetary policy refers to the effect of monetary policy on real variables such as real output , employment etc . keynesianism thought that monetary policy was effective before full - employment , but full - employment was a rare phenomenon 在宏观经济理论中，货币政策的效力指的是货币政策对实际产量、就业等实际变量的变化具有作用。凯恩斯主义认为在充分就业以前货币政策是有效的，但充分就业是一种稀有现象。
Other issues , such as reasons of china " s financial account surplus , trend of china " s bop , implications of china " s bop structure for macroeconomic stabilization and economic growth , and rational countermeasures of government are also discussed . three main parts organize the dissertation ; the first part is about china " s trade surplus in 1990s 在新古典主义、凯恩斯主义、货币主义和八十年代以后的新古典宏观经济学的带动下，理论界对贸易余额的研究方向也不断发展和完善，尽管这样，仅仅靠这些理论还不足以解释类似中国所经历的贸易顺差问题。
The core value of keynesianism is the intervention of government , especially the expansive effect of spending deficit to aggregate demand . when the economy is lack of aggregate demand , which means the production is under the level of potential activities , the expansion of government purchase will increase the demand 凯恩斯主义主张政府对经济的积极干预,突出了政府赤字支出对总需求的扩张作用,认为在总需求不足,即经济陷入产出水平远远低于潜在产出水平的状况下,如果政府增加其购买量,总需求就会增加。
And this is regarded the initially flush of the thoughts of the dual economy in the fields of industrial and agriculture . but as a glossary of “ dual economic structure ” , which is attributed to j h boeke ( 1953 ) from study of postwar indonesia , dual economy theory refers to an economy in which rich , capital - intensive modern sectors exist in the same model as comparatively poor , traditional , labor intensive sectors . real upsurge in the study of dual economy is lewis , who in 1954 published the classic essay “ economic development with unlimited supplies of labor ” 早期的二元经济理论主要是在古典主义和新古典主义框架下分析问题,其后,凯恩斯主义者从有效需求方面来研究二元经济理论, 20世纪90年代以来,随着经济的发展,二元经济理论在研究方法上综合利用了新古典经济学、新兴古典经济学等理论的分析框架来解释二元经济;在研究内容上引入了信息不对称和保障制度等新的内容。
Chapter 1 firstly comments on gurley & shaw " s " endogenous money - exogenous money " model , tobin ' s theory of endogenous money supply and post - keynesian " mixed portfolio - - - - loan demand approach " model , then brings forward a model of forming mechanism of china ' s endogenous money supply 第一章首先综述了格利和肖的“内生货币? ?外生货币”模型、托宾的内生货币供给理论以及后凯恩斯主义的“组合资产? ?贷款需求”模型，然后建立了适合我国现实的内生货币供给形成机制模型。
The diesis studies many prevalent consumption theories and functions , such as keynesian consumption theories with absolute income hypothesis and relative income hypothesis as representatives , certainty - type consumption decision theories with permanent income hypothesis and life cycle hypothesis as representatives , uncertainty - type consumption decision theories with random - walk hypothesis as representative . some consumption functions under complicate conditions have also been given in die diesis 论文对以绝对收入假说相对收入假说为代表的凯恩斯主义消费理论、以生命周期持久收入假说为代表的确定型消费决策理论、以随机行走假说为代表的不确定型消费决策理论等主流消费理论进行了剖析，并给出了一些在复杂的消费决策条件下的消费函数。
Along the above way of thinking , the paper admits the fact that our country ' s effective demand is not enough firstly , and analyses the problem of effective demand lacking both in positive and in theological angle . at the same time through the discussion of the dialectical relation between effective demand and effective supply , the paper point out the effective demand lacking results in effective - supply lacking 沿着上述思路，本文首先承认我国有效需求不足的现实性，用凯恩斯主义总需求框架，从实证和理论角度分析我国有效需求不足的问题，同时通过讨论有效需求与有效供给的辩证关系，指出有效供给不足是导致有效需求不足的重要原因；接着文章先从实证的角度列举我国有效供给不足的类型及表象，再从理论角度分析我国有效供给不足的原因，最后指出制度供给不足是有效供给不足的原因。
