Applying componential analysis and the motivation theory as well as information economic theories , this thesis has a detailed analysis on the institutional settings , effects , advantages and disadvantages , and the institutional conditions and environmental factors of each directing methods in the us , so as to inform us from a macroscopic view of the institutions and approaches of us in directing civil organizations 运用要素分析法,利用激励理论和信息经济学的理论,论述美国各种引导方式的制度设置、取得的效果、优缺点、成功实施的制度条件和环境因素,使我们对美国引导民间机构方式的制度设置和措施在宏观上有所了解。
It investigates the realization patterns of “ advising ” in chinese on the basis of searle ’ s indirect speech act theory and his four felicity conditions . meanwhile , the study explores the politeness strategies utilized by chinese speakers in the institutional setting , the tv program , within the framework of brown and levinson . the study draws the following conclusions : firstly , all the speech acts of advising are performed indirectly 本文是完全基于汉语语料的一项实证研究,以塞尔的四个适切条件为分析标准,以间接言语行为理论为框架,分析并解释“建议”这一言语行为在汉语中的实现方式;同时,依据布朗和莱文森( 1987 )提出的礼貌策略,研究汉语使用者在实施“建议”时所使用的礼貌策略。
It claims that the minimal unit in human communication is not clauses or sentences , but “ speech acts ” , such as advising , requesting , warning etc . “ advising ” is a typical directive , which is not only universally employed in daily interaction , but also occurs in some formal or institutional settings , such as in teaching or mentoring , in workplace or in tv programs , etc . understanding the realization patterns and characteristics of “ advising ” , therefore , may help prevent pragmatic failures or mutual misunderstandings , interruptions , even suspensions in daily communication and in cross - cultural communication “建议”这一典型的指令性行为不仅在日常生活中,而且在很多正式场景下,如:教学指导、工作间、电视节目中都被广泛的使用。因此,使用者如果不了解“建议”的实现方式和特点在交际中就会遇到困难,尤其是在跨文化交际中,不仅会导致交际受阻,或中断,甚至产生误解。因此,对“建议”行为的实现方式和特点的研究是十分必要的。
