Issuers collect fund for infrastructure or operation through issuing securities and retain liability at the same time . issuers are obligated to repay the bondholder the principal amount and interest at a specific interval . in the mean time , this liquidized iou is called " bond " 当发行人透过发行有价证券，直接或间接地向投资大众筹措建设经费或营运所需资金，并相对地承担债务亦即发行人承诺按时支付本金或票面利息给债券持有人之时，该种具有流通性表彰债权之借款凭证，即谓之债券。
And i researched the following contents : the meaning , character and managing strategy of the real estate management and strategy during the whole course , land strategy , strategy of collecting funds , communication strategy , popular brand strategy , culture strategy , prize strategy , advertisement strategy and analysis the case about the managing and popularizing the project called the lijiang left shore 本文运用运筹学、管理学、企业战略管理、管理经济学和市场学等学科相关理论研究了以下内容：房地产全程营销的定义、特点和营销战略决策，土地战略、融资战略、公关战略、品牌战略、文化战略、价格战略、广告战略和丽江左岸项目的营销推广的案例分析。
In order to overcome the difficulty in collecting funds , it is urgent to reform the pension funds - raising proportion of rural social endowment insurance by defining the responsibility of nation , the collective and the individual , increasing the income of farmers from the root of resolving scarcity of pension funds sources and widening the channels of pension funds - raising through collecting the pension funds from many channels 为改变基金筹集较为困难的现状，急需改革农保基金筹集比例，明确国家、集体、个人三方责任；增加农民收入，从根源上解决农村社会养老保险基金来源不足；拓宽基金筹集渠道，多渠道筹集农村社会养老保险基金。
Using stimulating reduction and collecting fund function ofpollution charges , using reduced pollution optimum cost method and sharing cost method , based on “ national total pollution charges site scheme ” , we drafted zhengzhou total pollution charges site scheme and collecting standard , and have gained the obvious effect 选择使用排污费刺激削减和筹集资金的功能，利用污染边际处理费用（成本）法和费用分摊法的原理，在国家总量排污收费试点方案的基础上，制定了郑州市总量排污收费试点方案和征收标准，实施后取得了显著成效。
The essential thinking is that shaanxi provincial party committee and provincial government take the lead and shaanxi tourism group company and a bond company found jointly shaanxi big relics tourism industry investment fund management company that collects funds of individuals and organizations investors through publishing fund scrips 其基本思路就是由陕西省委、省政府牵头，由陕西旅游集团公司和一家证券公司联合成立“陕西大遗址旅游产业投资基金”管理公司，通过发行基金单位，面对个人和机构投资者筹集资金。
The plan is to finger out the laws and rules in favor of the venture capital ' s operation in order as soon as possible , establish the leading fund provided by government , offer governmental credit assurance and stock , reduce the tax to the high - tech enterprise , construct the polarizing investor frame including government , corporation , international investment company , achieve the legalization of private - collecting fund , quicken the course of endowment insurance fund of investment to the venture capital , that can solve the problem of capital shortage , to improve the rule - framework of the investment company , and expect to carry out the limited and partnership company . through the way of theoretics education and practice , introduce into the advanced technology and talent to promote the ability of investment specialist , strengthen the inspection to medi - agency and exploit the operation scope , bring forward a set of high - tech enterprise evaluating system suitable to choose the enterprise invested by the investment company . last , buy by corporation , and - techniqufi - and property right dealing market is the practicable exit channel comparatively 即尽快制定有利于风险投资规范运作的法规及条例，建立政府导向基金，为高新技术企业提供政府信用担保、政府采购以及税收优惠等政策支持；构造由政府、大公司、国际投资公司构成的多元化投资者结构，尽快实现私募基金的合法化，加快社会养老保险基金进入风险投资的进程，以此方式解决资金短缺的问题；在目前有限责任和股份有限机构组织形式的基础上，改善风险投资机构的法人治理结构，并建议早日实现有限合伙制组织形式；以理论教育结合实践，引进国外先进技术和人才等方法促进投资专业人才能力的提高；通过加强对中介机构的监管和拓展中介机构风险投资中介服务，促进中介机构的建设，并结合实际提出一套适合于风险投资公司选择投资项目的高新技术企业评估体系；最后建议以大公司收购和技术产权资本交易的方式作为目前较为可行的风险投资退出渠道。
Listed companies have great sum of capital by collecting funds publicly from society , whose capital has been socialized and scale is far lager than traditional companies , thus impact the society widely . high managers of listed companies have become more and more professional , and selected more from specialists out of the companies . besides stockholders , the employers , customers , suppliers , governments and communities outside listed companies have formed into groups of stakeholders , who are directly or indirectly related to listed companies 上市公司的股权高度社会化，股东人数众多；上市公司股权高度证券化，其资本证券具有极强的社会流通性；上市公司向社会公开募集资金，资本数额庞大，实现资本的社会化，公司规模远远超过传统的公司、企业，具有广泛的社会影响；上市公司高级管理人员日益专业化、职业化和外部化，形成职业经理人阶层；除了公司股东之外，上市公司的雇员、顾客、供应商、政府和社区等公司外部主体已经形成利益相关者集团，与公司存在直接或间接的利益关系。
Next , on the use of collect capital , misuse collect fund to arrest collect person , " method " regulation , collect person ought to be carried out to the capital of sub debt collect only door management , the utility of capital of the collect in studying a report strictly according to feasibility and program of sub debt government use collect fund 其次，在募集资金的使用上，为了防止募集人滥用募集资金， 《办法》规定，募集人应当对次级债募集的资金实施专户治理，严格按照可行性研究报告中募集资金的用途和次级债治理方案使用募集资金。
The thesis is divided into 3 parts . first part : in this part , i explain the related theories in financial mangement in towns , put forward the concept of town finacial management , analyze such basic characteristics as microcosmic , attachment , and flexibility and explain the great significance in researching into town financial management from the aspects of microcosmic and macrocosmic , theory and practice , collecting funds , managing funds and promoting honesty in performing government duties 论文共分三个部分，主要内容有：第一部分：对乡镇财政管理的相关理论进行阐释，提出了乡镇财政管理的概念，分析了乡镇财政管理具有微观性、依附性、前沿性及应变性等基本特点，从宏观和微观、理论与实践、聚财、理财、用财和促进廉政建设等方面阐述了研究我国乡镇财政管理的重大意义。
