Abstract : on the base of the traditional algorithms of the sun ' s orbit , an algorithm of the apparent motionof the sun ' s orbit for the marine simulator is given , and in order to realistically simulate the apparent mo - tion of the sun , a new method of the transformation of the coordinates is proposed 文摘:在传统天文学的天体视运动轨迹计算方法的基础上,给出一种在航海模拟器中应用的太阳视运动轨迹的计算方法,并且针对太阳在视运动当中高度变化的特点,提出了一种新的坐标变换方法,以逼真模拟太阳的视运动
For parameter a , there is a close relationship exist between a ( 9 , sr ) in two different radar incident angle that can be expressed as : with considering the effects of soil texture , we get the final expression of the inversion model : where mv ( t1 ) , mv ( t2 ) is volumetric soil moisture content in two different temp , c , d is soil type related parameters , and v ( t1 ) , s ( t2 ) is coresponding bare soil radar backscattering coefficients . inversion results show that for the c band hh polarized radarsat scansar data with a range of incidence angle from 20 to 40 , the soil moisture change value can be derived with an acceptable accuracy using the above model . the temporal and spatial soil moisture change patterns are associated with rainfall and vegetation cover , as well as the soil hydraulic characteristics 利用最新发展的电磁波散射模型研究了不同植被覆盖地表雷达波对地表土壤水分的敏感性，建立了半经验植被雷达后向散射模型; 2 ) .研究发现在农作物等矮小植被覆盖地表，植被层直接后向散射与植被类型相关，且在植被生长期，雷达后向散射系数对植被含水量的敏感性要高于对植被高度变化的敏感性; 3 ) .解决了单参数雷达地表土壤水分反演问题中，雷达入射角和地表粗糙度的影响这一难点问题; 4 ) .利用土壤介电模型校正了不同土壤类型对反演地表土壤体积含水量的影响; 5 ) .在以上成果基础上，建立了完整的单参数雷达地表土壤水分变化探测反演算法，经地表验证，模型反演地表土壤水分变化值的精度为rmse = 0
This research concludes that technology resistance , market progression , and environment influence are the three major forces that affect the difusion of product appearance and dominate , respectively , the development of stylability curve in terms of altitude change , lateral extension , and overall performance and the starting point of an emerging curve 本研究发现技术限制力、市场发展力和环境影响力，为影响造形扩散之三大主要影响作用力，分别影响造形力曲线发展之垂直高度变化、水平长度延伸，以及整体曲线之起伏和新曲线之起始位置。
We point out that the fundamental reason of implementing management of overall budget is the internal motive of company for seeking profits and the greatly changed outside circumstance and the modern system of company management is the content of implementing management of overall budget . so , management of overall budget cannot come into being if there are not profit - seeking companies , market economy environment and modern enterprise system 本文从全面预算管理内涵入手，对企业实施全面预算管理的内外部基础要件作了详尽分析，提出：企业的内在营利动机和其所处的高度变化的外部市场环境是实施全面预算管理的根本原因，现代企业制度是全面预算管理在企业内部运行的制度基础，因而，没有具有营利动机的企业、市场经济环境和现代企业制度，就不可能产生全面预算管理。
Based on xi ' an region meteorologic measurement relative humidity and temperature profile data in cloud cover , the log - amplitude scintillation deviation a , calculated in terms of the cn2 model compare with values predicted by means of ortgies model at 10 ~ 30ghz . it is shown that the c , , 2 model can be applied at the continental climate area as xi ' an area . finally , on earth - space paths , by applying a modif 根据西安地区气象观测有云覆盖时温度和湿度随高度变化的数据，在10 30ghz ，应用该c _ n ~ 2模型计算了幅度闪烁标准偏差，也与ortgies模型预测值做了比较；表明该c _ n ~ 2模型是可用于象西安这样的大陆型气候地区。
Based on the pseudo - static experimental results of nine abnormal joints , the damage process of abnormal joint is divided into four stages of original crack , entire crack , ultimate state and failure , the effect of axial force ratio , stirrup ratio and height of column section on seismic behavior of abnormal joint are discussed , the conclusion that anti - shear capacity of abnormal joint are studied in entire crack state by studying the minor core of abnormal joint is made , the calculating formula for anti - shear capacity of abnormal joint is proposed with a view to asymmetry in stirrup yield 摘要根据9个钢筋混凝土框架异型节点试件的拟静力试验结果，指出异型节点受力过程分为初裂、通裂、极限和破坏4个阶段；讨论了轴压比、节点核芯配箍率、柱截面高度变化对异型节点抗剪性能的影响；提出应考虑节点核芯区箍筋屈服的不均匀性并在通裂状态下以“小核芯”为分析单元来研究此类节点抗剪承载力的建议；最终给出了异型节点抗剪承载力的计算公式。
Based on the experiment results , the damage form of abnormal exterior joint are summarized , characteristics of hysteresis curve are studied , the effect of stirrup ratio and height of column section and beam section on anti - shear property of abnormal joint are discussed , working mechanism of abnormal exterior joint is researched , the conclusion that the anti - crack and bearing capacity of abnormal joint are studied by analyzing the minor core of abnormal exterior joint is proposed , the basic data is provided for the design formula of abnormal joints 根据试验结果，总结了异型边节点的破坏形态，研究了节点滞回曲线的特征，讨论了节点核芯配箍率、梁柱截面高度变化对异型边节点抗剪性能的影响，分析了异型边节点的受力机理，提出应以“小核芯”为分析单元来研究此类节点抗裂和承载力的建议，为异型节点设计公式的建立提供了基础数据。
