Unless specified otherwise in the convention , such implementation may be achieved through national laws or regulations , through applicable collective bargaining agreements or through other measures or in practice 除非本公约中另有专门规定，此种实施可通过国家法律或条例、通过适用的集体谈判协议或通过其他措施或实践来实现。
But because of the different opinions in faculty and the veto by court of justice , it ' s a regret that the strategy of unionization and collective bargaining of faculty was defeated finally 但由于教师群体内部对组织工会持有不同意见，更是由于法院否决了私立院校教师组织工会、开展集体谈判的权力，高校教师企图通过集体谈判对抗行政权力的战略性努力遭遇了失利。
It would also exempt businesses with up to 100 employees from unfair dismissal laws , increase the probationary period for new staff from three to six months and introduce measures favouring individual contracts over collective bargaining 改革还将让员工不超过100人的企业免受不公平解雇法的约束，将新员工的试用期从3个月增加到6个月，并引入有利于个人合约而非集体谈判的做法。
A survey of the salary determination mechanisms of main market economies shows that although the salary determination mechanisms of different countries are not identical , most countries have a salary negotiation mechanism under the macro - regulation of government 比较西方主要市场经济国家工资形成机制可知,尽管各国模式有所不同,但基本上是国家宏观调控下的以工资集体谈判机制为主的合意机制。
The dock lockout dispute that happened between the pma ( pacific marine association ) and the ilwu ( international longshore workers union ) in september and october 2002 in the west coast of the u . s . is just a good case in point to demonstrate the effectiveness of the mechanism in handling labor relations 集体合同制度使得劳动者与用人单位在实际地位上获得一定程度的平等，从而有效地维护劳动者的合法权益。 2002年9 - 10月发生在美国西海岸的“封港”事件已经充分证明了推行集体谈判和集体合同制度的重大现实意义。
The methodologies that will be applied in this claim include : game theory , western labor economics , labor law theory , economics of property right and institutional economics . the important experiences achieved by the western market economies with regard to collective bargaining and collective agreement mechanism will be used as a reference point , all the while maintaining a focus on the changes taking place in the field of labor relations during the transitional period in china . finally , several important problems involving progression to a proper operation of the collective bargaining and collective agreement mechanism will be fully addressed , with the intent of advancing this mechanism forward to a new stage , and thereby realizing a more harmonious , stable labor relationship in china 本文将在分析市场经济条件下集体谈判和集体合同制度一般规律的基础上，充分运用博弈经济学、西方劳动经济学等学科的研究成果，借鉴西方发达市场经济国家处理劳资冲突的重要经验，结合我国向市场经济过渡过程中劳动关系发生的新变化，分别从劳动法学、产权经济学和制度经济学的多重角度论证在我国现实条件下加快推行集体谈判和集体合同制度的特殊必要性，并针对当前实践过程当中所存在的若干主要问题进行较为深入的分析，以期推动集体谈判和集体合同制度在我国的顺利实施和运行，促进利益协调性劳动关系在我国的实现。
The basic content of the right to form and join in the activity of a trade union is that labors have rights to form labor union . of course , form labor union is just means , the purpose of which is to enable labors to engage in collective bargaining with labor users and conclude collective contract 在论述“劳动三权”之间的关系时,本文采用狭义的团结权概念。团结权的基本内容就是劳动者有权组织工会。当然,组织工会只是手段,其目的在于能够与劳动使用者进行集体谈判,订立集体合同。
This dissertation examines the development of the salary determination mechanism in china and finds that this development is a market - oriented development process , while , at present stage , the retaining of many non - market factors , lack of collective bargaining and the dual mechanism of salary determination hinder the development of market - oriented salary mechanism in china and lead to unfair distribution structure of factors , especially the distribution proportion between labor - generated income and capital - generated income 回顾新中国工资形成机制演变的历史可知,企业工资形成机制的演变过程是一个逐步市场化的过程,现阶段残留有诸多非市场化因素,且工资集体谈判机制缺失,双轨工资形成机制并存,这制约着企业工资形成机制的市场化进程,使要素收入分配的结构特别是劳动收入和资本收入的比例出现明显不公。
Where the competent authority determines that it would not be reasonable or practicable at the present time to apply certain details of the code referred to in article vi , paragraph 1 , to a ship or particular categories of ships flying the flag of the member , the relevant provisions of the code shall not apply to the extent that the subject matter is dealt with differently by national laws or regulations or collective bargaining agreements or other measures 如果主管机关确定目前对悬挂该成员国旗帜的一艘船舶或特定类别船舶适用第六条第1款中所述守则的某些细节不合理或不可行，只要该事项由国家法律或条例或集体谈判协议或其它措施来处理，守则的有关规定将不适用。
There are several reasons for the serious damage of labor rights in non - public economic sectors . firstly , in the labor market , the absolute supply of labor makes capital occupy the leading position , the relationship between labor and capital displaces , resulting in a lack of effective constraints between labor and capital 本文指出有效制度供给不足是造成目前我国非公有制经济中劳工权益受损的根源,需要通过完善劳动法制体系、建设具有代表性和独立性的工会组织以及充分发挥集体谈判制度的作用来加以改善。
