The doctrine of implicit exclusive treaty - making power evolved principally in the cases of the european court . from the erta case , the kramer case , the rhine opinion to the fisheries case , the court made it clear that the community ' s occupation of a specific field denied the member states parallel treaty - making power , and that the community occupied a specific field as long as its first steps in the field demonstrated its intention to occupy the field 从欧洲法院在欧洲陆路运输协定案、克来默案、莱茵河意见和渔业案的判决可以看出，只要共同体在某个领域采取了最初步骤，这些步骤表明共同体有占有该领域的意图，就可认定共同体占有了该领域，从而可以认定共同体在该领域享有默示专属缔约权。
Among them , " transit goods " are those passing through the territory by land , transshipment goods " are those only changing the means of transport at a place having a customs office and without passing through the territory by land , and " through goods " are those carried into and out of the territory by the same vessel or aircraft 其中，通过境内陆路运输的，称“过境货物” ；在境内设立海关的地点换装运输工具，而不通过境内陆路运输的，称“转运货物” ；由船舶、航空器载运进境并由原装运输工具载运出境的，称“通运货物” 。
