In consideration of the fact that broadcasting speakers are usually evenly and widely distributed in the area , the sound volume in the covered area of a speaker can be seen as the contribution of that single speaker 鉴于广播扬声器通常是分散配置的，所以广播覆盖区的声压级可以近似地认为是单个广播扬声器的贡献。
In the research on listed companies cash dividend policy and statistical analysis on cash dividend it was found that the increment series of the weighted average cash dividend is close to stationary series 在本文的研究中，通过对上市公司股利政策的研究和现金股利的统计分析发现，加权平均后的每股现金股利的增量序列可以被近似地看作平稳序列。
We have one very approximate measure of how long someone ' s likely to live , namely how long they ' ve lived already , and even though scientists have tried very hard they have so far failed to find an appreciably better one 我们可以非常近似地测量某人可能活多久，那就是，他们已经活了多久，即使科学家竭尽全力，但是，他们迄今未能发现一种哪怕好一点的方法。
The accomplishing method is that the attack angles of aerodynamic forces are made changing along transmission line so aerodynamic forces are made being approximate balance state by spiral winding plastic belt on transmission line 实现的方法是在输电线螺旋地缠绕横截面为三角形的塑料带，使气动力的攻角沿输电线的长度方向周期性地变化，使作用在输电线上的气动力近似地成为平衡力系。
Based on the environmental status of the river basin in 1970 , the upper reaches , middle and lower reaches in the river basin are evaluated , which are approximatively represented by the gulang county , liangzhou borough , minqin county and jinchang city 以该流域70年代环境状况为基础，以流域内行政分区的古浪县、凉州区、金昌市和民勤县近似地代替流域的中上游、中游和下游，进行综合评价。
The third section discusses that when every stage incurs fixed ordering cost and each uses echelon stock ( r , q ) policy , we assume that demand is a poison process , and we use a lower bound as near - optimal solution for a two - stage inventory system 第三节讨论在每个库存点订购费都是正数时，各点采用级库存( r ， q )策略，假设1个需求是泊松过程的两点系统，对该系统运用下界函数法可以近似地求出优化解。
Second , this paper analyzes the time - frequency distribution of the clutter from airborne pulse doppler radar ( pdr ) . the side - lobe clutter , which is the main factor to influence the pdr , is analyzed and calculated . based on the simulation of typical geometry of the land , we analyze and discuss the side - lobe clutter and concluded that the dft of can be considered as the phase of the coho 并且根据各种典型地貌的近似模拟，从统计特性上和频率域上对脉冲多卜勒雷达的旁瓣杂波进行了分析讨沦，还得出脉冲多卜勒雷达的dft可以近似地看作相参积累，并在程序的编制中利用了这一个结论。
Characterizing and analyzing the dynamic properties of the humanoid - robot is one of the key problems in the research field of robot . but at present , the existing mo - deling methods of the humanoid - robot dynamics are based on the theory of traditional multi - rigid - body dynamics , and usually simplifying the system as framework with multi - rigidity poles and simplex joints . for this reason , the walking dynamic perform - ance of the humanoid - robot is pictured only approximately by these methods 精确地描述和分析系统动力学特性一直是仿人机器人研究方向需要解决的关键课题之一，而至今为止，针对此系统的已有建模理论和方法一般是以其结构刚性杆件简化，以及将杆件以单纯铰链联结成“骨架”为前提，建立在传统多刚体动力学理论基础上，这些研究成果由于结构的简化和多刚体理论的局限，只能近似地反映仿人机器人系统的步行动力学特性。
The idea behind it is to approximate the object with a simpler bounding volume that is a little bigger than the object . in building hierarchies on object , one can obtain increasingly more accurate approximations of the objects . so during traversing bounding volume hierarchy , it speeds up collision detection by prune away primitive pairs , which will not intersect clearly though rapid intersection test between bounding volumes and just deal with those whose bounding volume is intersected 层次包围盒方法是解决碰撞检测问题固有时间复杂性的一种有效的方法，它是用体积略大而几何特性简单的包围盒来近似地描述复杂的几何对象，并通过构造树状层次结构来逼近对象的几何模型，从而在对包围盒树进行遍历的过程中，通过包围盒间的快速相交测试来及早地排除明显不可能相交的基本几何元素对，而只对包围盒重叠的部分元素进行进一步的相交测试，以提高碰撞检测的速度。
Because the water resources are affect by enforcing element and constraining elelment together in the exploration and utilization logistic curve is used similarly to relate the increasing process of low flow carrying capacity and describe expressional forms of low flow in diffrernt stages 由于水资源在开发利用中，受到增强因子和约束因子的共同作用，所以近似地用生态学中logistic曲线来描述枯水资源承载力的增长过程，同时用不同的数学模型表达枯水资源承载力在不同阶段的表现形式。
