( 1 ) in newly - constructed stage and early stage of reclamation , the most important factor of runoff is 30min rainfall intensity . in later stage of reclamation , the most important one is 45min rainfall intensity . and the runoff capacity is the most important influence factor to soil erosion always ; ( 2 ) on the certain degree , loosening surface has an active function to infiltration condition but not to conserve soil ; ( 3 ) the most runoff is formed on platform of stackpile and the soil erosion often happens in the slope ; ( 4 ) stone - soiled dumps have an advantage over soil at respect of erosion resistance so that soil is not adapt in covering slope ; ( 5 ) grass has a better role in conservation of water and soil than arbor in early stage of reclamation ; ( 6 ) arbor - arboret - hemp mix is the best model for conservation 结果显示：在未复垦时期和复垦初期， 30min降雨强度对径流影响最大，复垦后期径流与45min雨强相关性最强，而径流量对土壤侵蚀量的影响始终最大；通过疏松地表岩土只在一定程度上改善地表的入渗条件，并不能起到保土的作用；平台为径流的主要形成区，而土壤侵蚀主要集中在斜坡；土石混排坡的土壤抗蚀性比覆土坡的要大得多，在排土场形成过程中不宜用厚层黄土覆坡；在复垦初期，纯草模式水土保持效果明显好于纯乔模式。
Results show that the overlying soil with a soft interlayer can obstruct the rupture failure from bedrock up to the earth ' s surface , however , a soft interlayer which is deeply buried , will bring about a wider range of the earth ' s surface rupture failure ; in addition , the thickness of the soft interlayer may have effects on the rupture course of the overlying soil 从模拟的结果看出，软夹层对上覆土层破裂有一定的阻碍作用；当软弱层埋置较深时，一旦上覆土层破裂，失效土体的范围较大；软弱夹层的厚薄对上覆土层的破裂进程和破裂范围也有影响。
According to the special surface structure and actualities that the city is extending along the transportation line and river region because of the restriction caused by the mountains in the two sides of every cities in qingyang . the author thinks it is not good to squeeze out the existence of cave dwellings during the course of urban construction , and it is necessary to emphasize the symbiosis between urban and cave dwellings . the author conceives that it is feasible to develop group - dwellings in the steep - sides of mountain and especially to adapt to constructing " climb - slope cave dwellings which are covered with earth " 根据庆阳特殊的地表结构和城镇发展受两侧山体限制而沿交通线与川区无限蔓延的现状，笔者认为在庆阳城镇建设中不应完全排挤窑居的存在，而是要强调城镇与窑居的共生，并设想充分利用两侧陡坡地带发展居住组团模式，建设新型“爬坡式覆土窑洞”建筑群落，这种“城镇型窑洞”可作为城镇建设空间横向的延续和拓展，防止城镇呈线状无限蔓延的畸形发展态势；提倡运用现代科学技术对传统窑洞民居进行改造与创新，要加快新式窑居的试点建设；建议积极开发庆阳窑洞旅游资源，并提出了“窑洞地产”和“绿色窑洞产业”的全新概念。
The frp honeycomb sandwich composite materials that has characteristics of light weight , high strength and easily made - up , is now extensively used in fieldwork . when the fieldwork that was made of frp honeycomb sandwich was shallow buried , the structure deformation and the relation between structure and medium under the explosive loading has been researched at present 玻璃钢蜂窝夹芯复合材料以其轻质高强、易于成型和加工等特点，在野战工事中正得到广泛地应用，由该材料成型的野战工事覆土后，并在爆炸荷载的作用下，结构变形以及结构和周围介质的关系，目前仍在探索和研究中。
As far as vibration is concerned , there is an urgent need to establish relevant laws and standards that not only conform to international standards but also satisfy local residents . these standards must be set according to the technical limitations that govern mrt construction in densely - populated areas : namely , line configuration , station location , headway , soil cover , proximity of residences , underground passage , road width , etc 又如振动问题，在狭隘都会区中建造捷运系统，受到线形、设站、车间距、道路覆土深度、紧邻民房、地下穿越、路辐等技术限制，故如何订定一套合于国际潮流之标准又能府合民意之
In order to make the museum buildings are more harmonious with the surrounding ecological environment and the urban planning , and to create ecotype museums with regional culture , the museum designing principles and the relative technological measures , which are suited to our present sustained development policy , are probed in this article , by researching the ecological characteristic of the earth - sheltered museum building . firstly , this article posed the concept of earth - sheltered museum , the previous researching situation and the researching meanings . secondly , it analyzed the inward - outward environmental factors of the museum building , and compared the differences between the earth - sheltered museums and the traditional ones 论文首先提出覆土型博物馆的概念及其既往研究状况,研究的意义;其次分析了博物馆建筑的内外部环境因素,对比了覆土型博物馆与传统博物馆的不同;然后对覆土型博物馆的形态特征进行了相关研究;同时从生态建筑学及生态博物馆理论和实践的历史发展脉络入手,提出了覆土型博物馆建筑设计中应注意的原则,回溯了覆土型博物馆对传统生态思想的借鉴,并讨论了当今实践过程中的相关发展趋势;最后通过对湖南省龙山县里耶秦简博物馆设计的实例分析,探讨了生态设计原则覆土型博物馆设计中的相关运用,为现代博物馆设计提供一条新的思路。
In the simulation and analysis on culvert construction , the method of foundation - pit excavation layer by layer and step by step was used , i . e . the method that makes the surface of excavation have no stress , when the elements were excavated gradually in period of construction . at this process , the state of soil is unloading , the laws of stress field and displacement field with the depth of excavation were studied . based on the obtained stress field and displacement field after the excavation was completed , by using of the newly increased filling - elements " gravity and the grinding force , the simulation of the construction of body of the culvert and foundation - pit ' s filling layer by layer had also been done in this dissertation 用有限元法模拟分析涵洞基坑开挖时，采用分层、分步模拟开挖过程的方法，即将计算域内单元分层“挖去” ，使开挖表面成为无应力表面的方法，分析土体在卸载状态时的应力场和位移场随开挖深度的变化规律；在洞体施工后，回填土体时，据开挖完成时的应力场、位移场，通过逐级增加计算域内的单元数目，施加每级新增加单元的自重荷载，利用有限元法模拟基坑及上覆土体分层填筑的施工过程，这不仅反映土体处于再加载应力状态时，填土受力及变形的一般规律，而且这种将地基? ?涵洞? ?土体作为一个统一整体进行模拟的方法，量化了三者之间的相互作用关系。
