This thesis deduces computational formulations of displacement sensitivity and stress sensitivity in structural shape optimization considering geometric nonlinear element . in the calculation of stress sensitivity , the modules required to cut the stiffness matrix of node coordinates few . in order to simplify calculation and make program conveniently , this thesis uses half - parser method 在空间刚架结构的形状优化设计中,关键的一项工作就是计算应力灵敏度,在计算应力对刚架结构形状优化的设计变量? ?结点坐标的灵敏度时,需用到单元刚度矩阵对结点坐标的导数。
This product is mainly used for prestressed and post - tensioning technology in large , medium and small sizes of various of pc structures , and widely used for civil engineering construction of large scale railroad , high - way bridges , buildings , truesses , overhead crane beams , industrial and civil prefabricated concrete floor , wall board , trbular piles , power line poles , power line poles , pc water pipes , tv towers and nuclear power station , etc 主要用于制作先、后张法的大、中、小型各种结构形状的预应力混凝土构件，如铁路、公路、屋架、吊车梁、工业民用预制板、墙板、管桩、电杆和预应力混凝土水管、电视塔、核电站等工程建设上。
There are three difficulties in shape optimization : the first one is the relation between design variables and objective function , or between design variables and constrant function is not easy to find the simple apparent relation and the sensitivity . the second one both the structure shape describing and the shape changing control is difficult . the third one is that the mesh should be generated and changed automatically in the procession of optimizing 形状优化的难点主要有三点：一是设计变量与目标函数、约束的关系非常复杂，很难找到简单的显式关系，敏度求解困难；二是结构形状不易描述，形状变化不易控制；三是网格在优化过程中需要自动生成，而且会发生改变。
Traditional entity reverse technology is adopted to acquire point cloud information of product through many kinds of measurements , the point cloud information are processed with software , and it could be reversed to obtain shape , dimensions , precision of the product , but the precondition is that it must have entity reversed 传统的实物反求技术通过各种测量手段，获取产品的点云信息，经软件处理后反求出产品的结构形状、尺寸参数，但其前提条件是必须具有产品实物。
