This charged fiber can be directed or accelerated by electrical forces and then collected in mats or other useful geometrical forms . the diameters of electrospun fibers are in the range of tens of nanometers to several micrometers . in this paper , polyacrylonitrile ( pan ) nanofibers are made by electrospinning pan / dimethylformamide ( dmf ) and pan / dimethylacetamide ( dmac ) with adjusting the main process parameters including electrostatic voltage ( 20 ~ 50kv ) , sprinkler aperture ( 0 . 5 ~ 0 . 8mm ) , collection distance ( 15 ~ 25cm ) , solution concentration ( 6 wt % - 14 wt % ) 本文主要对聚丙烯腈( pan )二甲基甲酰胺( dmf ) 、 pan二甲基已酰胺( dmac )体系进行电纺丝，调节静电压( 20 50kv ) 、喷头孔径( 0 . 5 0 . 8mm ) 、接收距离( 15 25cm ) 、溶液浓度( 6wt 14wt )等过程参数，制得pan纳米纤维，纤维平均直径在200 1000nm ；详细分析了过程参数对纤维细度、形态等的影响，认为高聚物溶液浓度及静电压对纤维细度有决定性影响，其它过程参数如接收距离、喷射孔径、纺丝溶液温度、溶液电导率等的调整应以这两参数为基础进行。
After dipped in amino trimethylene phosphonic acid ( atmp ) solution , anodic oxide films are annealed in pipe stove . the influences of concentration and temperature of atmp solution and annealing temperature on rising time , withstanding voltage and specific capacitance of anodic oxide films are studied . after hydration , anodic oxide films treated with atmp or not are analyzed by ft - ir 2 .将化成箔在氨基三甲叉膦酸( atmp )溶液中浸渍,取出烘干后再进行热处理,研究了atmp溶液浓度、浸渍温度和热处理温度对氧化膜升压时间、比容、耐电压的影响,找到其最佳耐水合处理工艺;采用ft - ir对水合作用后的atmp处理氧化膜和未经耐水合处理氧化膜进行了分析。
The structure and properties of the films are characterized by xrd , sem , afm , uv - vis absorption , and hall effect measurement , etc . the effects of growth parameters on the quality of zno films are discussed , such as substrates , substrate temperature , and solution concentration 研究了各生长条件如衬底温度、前驱体溶液浓度、衬底类型等参数对zno薄膜性能的影响。在国际上首先实现了用氨水作为掺杂剂掺杂制备p型zno薄膜，并研究了其掺杂机理及光学、电学性能。
Led light - induced fluorescence spectra of whole blood , erythrocyte and hemoglobin are obtained in the case of different concentration of blood cells solution with various excitation wavelengths . the intensity and peaks of the spectra from 430nm to 700nm depend strongly on the concentration of blood cells 通过改变激发光波长和血细胞浓度，获得了led光诱导全血、红细胞和血红蛋白产生的荧光光谱，其光谱覆盖了430 700nm波段，且光谱强度和峰值位置均与溶液浓度有较强的依赖关系。
In the third chapter , the influence of current density , solution concentration , erosion time and aging in ambient air on the pl spectra of ps suggests that peak would blue shift with current density increasing , and with erosion time and aging time prolonging ; with the increasing of solution concentration , peaks would red shift when solution concentration less than 1 : 1 but blue shift when solution concentration greater than 1 : 1 . above phenomena can be explained by quantum confinement and light center model , but do not deny the action of si - h bonding and defect on the surface in the process of photoluminescence . at present , radiation mechanism is still one of the primary problems in the study of ps 在第z三章中；通过对比，分析了电流密度、阳极化时间、溶液浓度以及自i然氧化时间对多孔硅光致发光光谱的影响，认为在一定的范围内，多i孔硅的发光峰位会随电流密度的增大而蓝移，要获得较强的发光，需z要选择合适的电流密度；随着腐蚀时间的延长，多孔硅的发光峰位会i发生蓝移；当f酸的浓度较小q ： 1 ）时，峰位随浓度的增大表现为向i低能移动；而当f酸的浓度较大河山时，峰位随浓度的增大则表现z为移向高能；多孔硅在空气中自然氧化；其发光峰位发生蓝移，而强i度随放置时间的延长而降低。
As annealing temperature is 400 , the phase of fexsy is greigite ( fe3s4 ) the fexsy particles cover the porous film of tio2 . the average size of fexsy particles range from 5000nm to 20nm as the concentration of the starting solution decreasing . after five times of coating - annealing process , fexsy particles form aggregate in size of 10 m 铁硫化合物颗粒覆盖在多孔tio _ 2基底上，颗粒尺寸随着初始溶液浓度减小从几个微米减小到十几个纳米，随着涂膜厚度、退火时间增加，铁硫化合物的形貌按颗粒状岛状层状变化。
Xrd and tem patterns showed that superfine powders of namometer oxide , 15 ~ 98nm ca . , even and without hard agglomeration , can be synthesized by this method , what ' s more , the size of the powders will be increased as the increasing of the concentration of starting solution , temperature and time for calcining . so products with needed size can be synthesized by choosing the appropriate conditions 产物超细粉的xrd和tem图谱表明，该方法可以合成粒径为15 98nm左右、分布较为均匀、没有明显硬团聚的纳米氧化物超细粉，而且其粒径会随起始溶液浓度的增加、凝胶煅烧温度的升高和煅烧时间的增加而增大。
As the ratio of alcohol to water descends , both of them rise . as the solution concentration of nitrates descends , the crystalline size firstly descends and then rises . the nozzle pressure brings forth little affluence on the crystalline size of the powder , but the elevated pressure can enlarge the quantity and the size of the agglomeration 随酒精和水的比值的减小，粒径和颗粒粒径都增加；粒径随溶液浓度的减小，先减小后增加；一次粒径随压力的变化，变化很小，但随压力和流量的增加，团聚体增多、团聚粒径增大。
When using the method of periodically renewing electrolyte , the average current efficiency is 47 . 3 % ( ii ) the solubility of k2feo4 in the solution of naoh is higher than that of the same concentration of koh solution and both of them become low with the growth of the alkaline concentration . the solubility of k2feo4 in the mixed solution of koh and naoh was influenced by both of common ions effect and salting - out effect and the influence of common ions effect is more heavy . the rate of methanol ' s reacting with k2feo4 is proportional to the content of water in the solid k2feo4 . the stability of the potassium ferrate solution is far below the solid ( 2 ) k _ 2feo _ 4在naoh溶液中的溶解度高于同浓度koh溶液中的溶解度，且溶解度均随着碱溶液浓度的增大而降低； k _ 2feo _ 4在koh和naoh混合碱溶液中的溶解度，受到同离子效应和盐效应的共同影响，且同离子效应的影响更大；固态k _ 2feo _ 4被甲醇还原的速度与甲醇或固态k _ 2feo _ 4的含水量成正比； k _ 2feo _ 4溶液的稳定性远远低于固态k _ 2feo _ 4 ，少量水的存在，可促使k _ 2feo _ 4按溶解?分解?再溶解?再分解的过程分解。
According to researching several coagulant metering ways , we make a coagulant addition metering device which is based on fluid mechanics and chemistry . the device which frame work is simple can be used reliably , and we have obtained a patent for the device last year . the mathematical model is used to caculate the addition quantity of coagulant of different raw water quality , and the gravitational coagulant addition device ensure accurate addition quantity 本文通过对混凝剂计几种量方式的研究，尝试性的利用流体力学(伯努利方程)和化学(溶液浓度稀释)的原理，制作一个定量投加装置，对混凝剂加量进行计量，该装置结构简单，但是安全投靠，投资和运行费用低，具有提广价值，这种计量方式已经申请专利。
