Training svm can be formulated into a quadratic programming problem . for large learning tasks with many training examples , off - the - shelf optimization techniques quickly become intractable in their memory and time requirements . thus , many efficient techniques have been developed 训练svm的本质是解决一个二次规划问题，在实际应用中，如果用于训练的样本数很大，标准的二次型优化技术就很难应用。
These two groups had significantly higher odds ratios ( or ) of having leucopenia or neutropenia ( combined or = 12 . 7 , p < 0 . 01 ) , but their small sample sizes , the exposure condition , and the lack of supportive literature evidence limited the validity of the results 由于两组的样本数小，工作场所实际的暴露状况，以及文献证据的缺乏，我们的结果并无法充分支持环氧乙烷和工程作业员较易罹患白血球减少的假说。
This approach make use of the un - labeled images and the negative images to enlarge the number of the training samples , introducing the concepts of the positive error and the negative error to judge all the positive and negative images which are qualified by adding some limits 本算法一改以往的反馈算法,利用未标注图像与反例图像增大了训练样本数,在一定程度上解决了训练样本少的问题,提高了反馈的效率。
In the beginning , the focus is on the theory of optimum full rank stap . but the computation load and the implementation complexity of full rank stap are too great to be accepted and it is really very difficult to obtain enough samples to estimate the covariance matrix 起初其研究的重点是全空时的最优处理，但是其计算量和实现的复杂度令人们难以接受，并且难以获得估计协方差矩阵所需的足够多的样本数。
The discriminant functions mentioned above , except for the third one with a too small sample size , can be used in early discrimination of endemic fluorosis caused by exposure to coal burning , or in evaluation for the effectiveness of pharmaceutical therapy , with a power of 95 % 除第三类可能因样本数太少判别效果稍差外，其他方程式有95 %的把握，可在地氟病区实际用于燃煤型地氟病早期判别、或作为药物疗效考核方法。
The ratio of right predictive number of positive sample to wrong predictive number of positive sample is used as the fitness of the improved genetic algorithm , because the positive sample is dramatically small with high unbalanced distribution in practical binary classification 针对现实的二值分类中正向样本数极少且分布不平衡的特点,提出利用正确正向分类结果与错误正向分类结果的比值作为遗传算法的适应度函数。
Among all of the svm algorithms , smo ( sequential minimum optimization ) algorithm is a relatively simple method . it reduces the number of examples in the work example set to 2 , so that it avoids the process to compute complicated numeral optimization problems 其中, smo方法是相对众多已有研究的svm算法较为简单的算法,它将工作样本集中的样本数减少为2 ,避开了复杂的数值求解优化问题的过程,但是相应的代价就是迭代次数的增加。
To sum up , the main feature of this paper is the quantitative analysis of the driving factors of the cities , which is under research for the first time to our knowledge . the meanings of all the quantities are well investigated and sufficient examples are explored to support the model calculation . we believe this paper is a remarkable progress in study of urban tourism 纵观全文，本文在变量、样本数足够多的情况下，广泛地、分层次地定量分析城市旅游发展的动力因子和入境旅游收入的相关性，而不是局限在某个城市，这在国内的城市旅游研究中是一个很大的进步。
The basic idea of this method is to produce particles from the posterior densities , and these weighted samples provide approximations to the densities . in this dissertation , sequential monte carlo method and its applications in communication are investigated . firstly , its basic idea , method and improved method are introduced , then induce the bound of particles , which determines the performance of the system , and the more particles are chosen , the higher computation is done , finally , a new detector based on new importance function is proposed , which deals with the joint channel estimation and detection in flat fading channels 首先介绍了它的基本思想、基本方法、及当前研究现状；在此基础上推导出样本数选择的界，样本数的选择决定了系统的性能，但是若选的太多，计算复杂度也会随之增大，因而给出这个界是十分有意义的；最后提出了一种基于新的重要函数的检测器用来解决平坦衰落信道下的联合信道估计和检测问题，并通过仿真证明了我们提出的新检测器的有效性。
