But as the science and technology of photography have constantly evolved over the approximately two hundred years of its development , a continual revolution has been underway , the various stages of which can be marked by the emergence of traditional roll - film cameras , the polaroid , fully automated cameras point - and - shoot cameras as well as the digital camera and camera phones 通过镜头，不同年代的各种面貌得以客观地保留。经过近二百年的发展，科学技术日新月异。从传统菲林相机宝丽来全自动相机傻瓜机到数码相机以及手机摄影的出现，使革命不断地延续下去。
Ecological features , function indicators and social - human impact together constitute the fundermental system of regional ecosystem health assessment . haxi forestry center is located in tianzhu of gansu province . in view of the natural conditions , land use type and forest map , we classify the research area into 15 landscape types 甘肃天祝县哈溪林区位于祁连山东段，依据哈溪林区的自然条件、土地类型和林相图，将研究区划分为苗圃，未成林地，宜林地，农田，牧草地，荒地，青海云杉林，祁连圆柏，针叶混交林，杨类阔叶林，红桦、榆、山杨硬阔林，针阔混交林、灌木林、疏林地和阔叶混交林等15种景观类型。
We choose the forest appearance tidiness , representative stands serving as standard plots , 40 stands were set up at qinling , hanzhong , huanghong in shaanxi respectively , measure every tree in the stands , measure the actual increase by the dominance tree , the time series model of individual age and diameter of quercus variabilis was established according to the actual diameter of quercus variabilis population by the fluctuant time series , the comparison of simulation and reality value of the every stand of quercus variabilis population diameter increase through the four models , the average simulation difference within 1 . 5 % , the accuracy is 97 . 8 % the simulation effect is better 在陕西的秦岭、汉中、黄龙地区选择林相整齐、有代表性的地段作为标准地，设置样方40个，对各样方内的林木进行每木检尺，通过优势木解析的方法，测得栓皮栎种群胸径的实际生长量，运用起伏型时间序列分析，建立了栓皮栎种群个体年龄与胸径生长的时间序列模型，四个模型所得的各个样地栓皮栎胸径生长的模拟值与实际值进行比较，其模拟平均误差都在1 . 5 %以内，平均精度达到97 . 8 % ，模拟效果较好。
The management efficency of forest resources was raised fron the independent management of graph and data to comprehensive management with gis as its tools . the sociaiized forestry and managerial decision participated with masses was accomplished from the local and closed management to networked and open management of forest resources 从对地形林相图和二类调查数据的图形、数据独立管理到以gis为工具的综合管理，提高了森林资源的管理效率；从对资源数据的本地管理、封闭管理到对资源数据的网络管理、开放管理，实现了林业的社会化和森林资源管理决策的公众参与。
Also , through the spectral analysis in digital image processing , methods of geometric correction and accuracy analysis , strengthening of information and extraction of the feature information of emerging of ratio and information ; the extraction of species and division into sub - compartment by using multi - supplementary information sources " ; and from the identification ability of a compartment , division into sub - compartments , land type and species and the ability of accuracy of geomatric correction and map - drawing ; they can be used as the comprehensive assessment of the ability of landscape planning and many other aspects , and determine the adaptiue faculty of different information sources in the forest management inventory 经过数字图像的光谱分析、多种方法的几何校正及精度分析、信息增强、比值及信息融合等多重技术进行特征信息的提取，并应用dem 、林相图和地形图等多种辅助信息源，提取树种、小班区划等信息，提高了林班区划、小班区划、地类和树种识别的能力与几何校正精度、制图能力，可用于风景区划等方面进行综合评价，确定不同信息源在森林资源二类清查中的适用性能力。
Taking " the greening plan of jiangning fangshan mountain holiday tourism area " as an example , this paper put forward the plan ides of combining " the spot , the line , the surface and the body " together , and elaborated the corresponding ides and method about greening plan and design from the three aspects , forest physiognomy improvement , landscape plant plan of the road system and landscape plant plan of the scenic spot 摘要以江宁方山风景旅游度假区绿化规划为例，提出“点、线、面、体”相结合的规划思路，从林相改造规划、道路系统植物景观规划、景点植物景观规划等方面阐述了相关的规划设计思想与方法。
The experimental area is selected in badaling region of beijing with the destruction of forest aspect and complex topography . for this reason , the following multi - remote - sensing information sources are selected : etm ( including tm ) , spot4 ( panchromatic ) , spots ( panchromatic and multi spectral ) , ikonos ( panchromatic and multi - spectral ) and digital aerial photographs 实验区选择在林相破碎、地形复杂的北京八达岭地区，为此选择了etm (包括tm ) 、 spot4 (全色) 、 spot5 (全色和多光谱) 、 ikonos (全色和多光谱) 、数字航空像片等多遥感信息源。
In keeping with its acclaimed dynax film slr counterpart , the dynax 7d inherits a similar , simple to use dial and lever operation system . enhancing handling further , the new model also features a superbly - bright , easy - to - view , high - performance viewfinder designed to be comfortable and easy to use 在相机外型设计方面， dynax7d以slr菲林相机为产品设计蓝本，同样采用简单的转盘式及操控杆式设计。再配合超明亮且容易观看的高质素观景器，无论在操作相机或拍摄时， dynax7d都能带给您无比舒适方便。
