Conclusion chosing appropriate pathway of mpcnl according to the size , shape , site of the upper calyx calculi and the anatomy construction of kidney collecting system , can improve the efficacy and decrease complications 结论根据上盏结石的大小、形态、部位和肾脏集合系统的解剖情况，恰当地选择微创经皮肾取石的手术入路，可以提高疗效和减少并发症的发生。
Part ii the study on the safety and the feasibility of the expanding retrosigmoid suprameatal approach objective to certified the safety and the feasibility of the erssma by the study of it ' s radiology and microanatomy . materials were the same as them of part 1 第二部分扩大乙状窦后经内耳孔上入路安全性和可行性的研究目的：通过对扩大乙状窦后经内耳孔上入路神经放射影像解剖学的研究确定该手术入路的安全性、可行性。
In order to obtain some importance anatomic parameters for neurosurgeon guide procedures in operation and avoid some severe complications as possible as in the clinic , the anatomical marks that are important to the surgical approach were investigated , the distance between these landmarks were measured 采用显微解剖技术观察了与手术入路有关的解剖标志，获取重要的解剖学参数，以指导临床和手术操作，避免出现严重并发症。
There had n ' t a report about the study on the microsurgical anatomy of this approach in our country and there were rarely found in the data overseas . the development of the neuro - otology has made it possible for the resection of the semicircular with the preservation of hearing . by the use of this skill , the removal range of the petrosal bone could be enlarged . this is called the expanding retrosigmoid approach 在保留听力的条件下将现代神经耳科学的半规管切除新技术和乙状窦后经内耳孔上入路结合起来，将使该手术入路得到扩展，这就是扩大乙状窦后经内耳孔上入路( erssma ) ，对它的显微外科解剖学研究，国内外来见报道。
