This method is based on the lightening model by analyzing the parameters affecting the lightening efficiency , such as moore ratio of sodium , inner diameter and thickness of the tube , distance of electrodes , and availing of the experiences accumulated in the convetional design method 分析钠摩尔分数、放电管内径、管壁厚度、极间距等主要参数对其发光效率的影响，并总结传统设计方法所提供的经验，建立放电数学模型。
Through the computation of the water hammer pressure in steel and pvc pipes with the characteristic line method , the influence of velocity of water , material and wall thickness of the pipes to the magnitude , crecent process and phase length of the water hammer pressure is analyzed 应用特征线法，对钢管及pvc管道中水击进行计算，分析了管道中水流流速及管道材料、管壁厚度对管道中水击压强大小、水击压强的增长过程及其相长的影响。
This dissertation investigates the influences of internal press and missiles shape on deformation and rupture of a multi - span thin - walled metal tube that struck by a large - mass and slow - speed missile transversely . 103 impact tests were conducted on a thin tube ( d / t = 44 ) either empty or filled with water using a missile ( dm / t = 6 ) with various nose shapes ( flat - nosed , hemisphere - nosed and conical - nosed ) 采用三种弹体(平头、半球形和圆锥头，弹体直径与管壁厚度之比d _ m t = 6 )对空管和高压充水薄壁钢管(径厚比d t = 44 )进行了冲击破坏实验，预加工作内压分别为0mpa ， 5mpa ， 10mpa和15mpa 。
On the premise of satisfying all constraint conditions stipulated in the codes with the pipe thickness spacing , height and thickness of stiffener rings as variables and the total steel quantity per meter of pipe as objective function , the program is developed for structural stress computation and comparison of total steel quantity used so as to select the alternative with smallest total steel quantity per meter of pipe 该程序在满足规范规定的各种约束条件下，以管壁厚度、加劲环间距、高度和厚度等作为变量，以每米钢管的总用钢量为目标函数，进行结构应力计算和工程量比较，从中选出用钢量相对最小的设计方案。
On the basis of a case study regarding freezing engineering project from a coal mine , huainan , the frozen wall thickness , average temperature , freezing time of an oblique frozen tube axe simulated using large - scale non - linear finite element computational procedure adina numerical simulator , resulting in the data coincided with site measured 以淮南某煤矿冻结工程为研究背景，应用大型非线性有限元计算程序adina模拟冻结管偏斜条件下的冻结壁厚度、平均温度与冻结时间等，结果和现场实测十分接近。
The preferences are analyzed , pipe ’ s parameters such as depth , thickness , pipe diameter , and mechanical property of material ; soil parameters such as soil types , internal friction angle , pipe - soil interaction ; fault ’ s parameters such as fault types , fault throw , fault drop , fault - pipe angle , mechanical property of material ; load types such as gravity force , linear displacement load , seismic load and seismic wave . some conclusions are drawn from the calculating results : when buried pipes cross fault , pipe ’ s embedded depth should be shallow , and big pipe diameter and thick wall should be selected . avoid the site where fault moves severe , and select suitable pipe - fault angle 在有限元三维模型建立中考虑的因素有:管道自身参数如管道埋置深度、管壁厚度、管径、管道材料等;岩土材料参数如土体类型、岩土的内摩擦角、管土相互作用等;断层考虑有断层类型,断层断距,断层错动距离,断层与管道的交角,断层材料的考虑等;荷载分别考虑静荷载,动荷载,其中动荷载包括线性位移加载、地震力加载和地震波加载等。
Experimental results indicate that ( 1 ) the bearing strengths of the specimens decrease with the increase in the load eccentricity ratio while they increase with the increase in the steel ratio , and ( 2 ) binding bars help to improve the ultimate strength and the ductility of the eccentric - loaded specimens 结果表明，方形钢管混凝土短柱试件的承载力随着偏心率的增大而减小，随着钢管壁厚度（含钢率）的增大而增大，设置约束拉杆有助于该试件极限承载力和延性的提高。
( 4 ) for the first time introduced jieke theory in water resources system , analyzed character parameter of water resources system jieke , included opening degree , exchange rate , thickness and magnitude . established importance theory foundation for quantify research of water resources system perimeter control （ 4 ）首次将界壳论引人水资源系统，分析了水资源系统界壳的特征参量，这些控制参量包括界壳开放度、界壳交换率、界壁厚度以及界门大小等，为水资源系统周界控制的定量化研究奠定重要的理论基础。
The results showed that the properties and production mst of the panel could be designed by adjusting the compression ratio of the mat ; the properties of bamboobased waferboard with 1 . 07 compression ratio and 4 % pf resin without any moisture - resistant agent were superior to those of wood - based one ; and the composite with excellent properties could be made with bamboo from species either for structure or for shoot , and from single species or mixed species as long as the wall thickness of bamboo was over 2 mm 试验结果表明，通过调节压缩比即可调节板材的性能和生产成本，压缩比为1 . 0 、用胶量为4的不含防水剂的酚醛树脂竹大片刨花板的各项性能可超过同类木质板材的性能单独或混合以具必要竹壁厚度的材用或笋材两用竹为原料均可获得性能良好的竹大片刨花板。
The principle of artifical freeze sinking and its advantages in engineering application are introduced ; and combining with field cases , a definite introduction is made on the computational method of freeze walls in mine construction ; moreover , how to predict the thickness of freeze walls by using computer simulation is briefly introduced 摘要介绍了人工冻结法的原理及其工程应用中的优点，并结合工程实例对矿井施工中冻结壁厚度的计算方法做了一定的介绍，并简略介绍如何来用计算机模拟来预测冻结壁的厚度。
