Fossil weathered rock mass is one kind of rock mass formed with structure and strength restoring by compacted again under special geologic circumstance , which have different engineering character to modern weathered rock mass . it is certainly that the engineering character of fossil weathered rock mass will change as circumstance change 古风化岩是在独特地质环境条件下岩石再次压密、结构再生形成的岩体，有着不同于现代风化岩的工程特性，一旦再次暴露，其工程特性必然随着环境条件的改变再次发生改变。
Further researches aimed to the study of the effect of treatment and the analyses of the designing method are essential desired o promote the level of application . based on the analyzing the method of designing the dynamic compaction in the world and studying the force mechanism of dynamic compaction 本文在综合分析和归纳目前国内外强夯技术和强夯方法的基础上，通过深入分析土的动力固结特性和震动波压密理论，对强夯加固地基的作用机理进行了深入的探讨，提出了强夯加固软弱地基的一些新观点。
As a new separation membrane technology developed in recent years , nanofiltration ( nf ) membrane is the most appealing field of membrane science and technology compared with those traditional membranes , the advantages of nf membranes are as follows : having hole diameters of nanometers , low operation pressure , economic for it can replace many procedures in traditional process and separation technology , having high selectivity to different irons , and so on 纳滤膜是近十几年发展起来的一种新型的压力驱动膜，它所具有的特殊的纳米级孔径使其具有很多分离膜不具备的优点，如操作压力低、对二价和高价离子具有高的选择性、具有较好的压密性和较强的抗污染能力等。
In the joint of lg pex - a pipe , male xocket is pressed to a convex on the inserting part and the fastening ring will contract to fasten up the heating pipe by the fastening of outer nut , and there is also a convex on the ring to offer close coupling by mechanical re - press effect to prevent water from leaking in case of heat expansion 在lg地热管中的连接部位不仅阀门管套插入部分的凸起部位被机械作用压密，而且随着外部螺母被拧紧，使紧固环收缩，从而带紧热炕暖气管，另外由于存在凸起部位，可通过机械作用进行再次压密，因此可防止由于热膨胀而引起漏水。
( 2 ) because of t he variability of rock subjected to outside action , three new conceptions : postive damage basic damage and negative damage , are suggested , which can deal with the condition that rock density became large . ( 3 ) the present damage variables based on ct number mostly include ct average number of the rock without damage , which is difficult to measure , so a new damage variable , which includes the average ct number is proposed , on the other hand , strain equal theory is generalized because the one put foreword by lemaitre is not good enough to use . ( 4 ) a axial damage constitutive equation is proposed and testified . ( 5 ) with the circle times , the damage propagation laws of two different rocks , subjected to circle of freezing and thawing , are studied , and in the analysis process , traditional analysis method including average ct number and is used , some important conclusions are reached : inner damage of soft rock containing a large mount of apertures is largely propagating with the time increasement of circle , however , at the preliminary time , the hard rock containing a small mount of aperture is a little propagating , at late time , the influence become large ; ( 6 ) zone separation and statistics frequency put forward is used to analysized the three different damage propagation in the open circumstance , when they are subjected to the different circle times of freezing and thawing , in which the temperature variability is linear , different freezing rate , and different freezing temperature , and no water is supplied during the test 在研究过程中本文主要做了以下工作： ( 1 )针对岩石损伤变化较小时，运用ct均值和方差分析不方便的缺陷，本文提出运用对ct数范围划分区段的方法，根据各区段统计频率的变化规律来分析损伤扩展状况； ( 2 )针对岩石受到外部作用的多变性，本文提出了基准损伤，正损伤，负损伤的概念，在某种程度上考虑了岩石受到外部作用时的压密情况； ( 3 )现有的基于ct数的损伤变量大多需要用到岩石基体的ct均值，这实际上是很难观测到的，因此本文建议了一个可运用岩石初始状态ct均值的损伤变量，由于现有的勒迈特教授应变等价原理使用上的不便，本文在其基础上进行了推广； ( 4 )建议了一个可用岩石初始状态ct数和弹性模量的单轴损伤本构方程，并用算例进行了验证； ( 5 )对两种不同岩石在开放环境下受到冻融循环作用且融化过程中补水时，内部损伤随冻融循环次数增加的扩展规律进行了探讨，主要运用了常规的ct均值和ct方差的分析方法进行分析，试验发现：对于孔隙率和含水率较高，密度和强度较低的软弱岩石，冻融循环次数对损伤结构的扩展有明显的影响，而对于孔隙率和含水率较低，密度和强度较高的硬岩，冻融循环次数对其损伤结构扩展初期由于含水率低的原因，影响不是太大，而后期由于水补给后，含水率较高的原因，冻融影响逐渐增大； ( 6 )运用了本文提出的区段划分和统计频率的方法，深入地分析了开放环境下的线性温度变化的冻融循环次数，冻结温度，冻结速度不同岩石作用时，其内部损伤随冻融循环次数，冻结速度和冻结温度变化的扩展规律，需要指出的是除了在试验前饱水外，冻融过程中没有补水。
On the basis of the monitoring results of land subsidence and calculation of deep groundwater resources by using water balance method , it is shown that the leakage recharge from its upper shallow groundwater account for approximately 38 . 2 % , drainage of the clay layers , about 41 . 3 % , water release from the aquifers , around 5 . 6 % and lateral inflow , some 14 . 9 % , of the total groundwater resources 摘要根据天津平原地面沉降监测结果，采用水量均衡法，计算出深层地下水开采量中，浅层地下水越流补给量占38 . 2 % ，粘土性压密释水量占41 . 3 % ，弹性释水量占5 . 6 % ，侧向流入量占14 . 9 % 。
In addition , based on the research of this technique in recent years , combined with in - site test result , this paper puts forward the design and calculation method to grouted pile in gravel and the principle of choosing grouting parameters , which provides experiences for applying this technique and further studying 同时，本文在吸取近年来对桩端压力灌浆技术研究成果的基础上，结合现场试验研究结果，提出了适用于卵石层中渗透型、压密型桩端压力灌浆桩单桩竖向极限承载力计算方法和卵石层中灌浆参数选取原则。
Firstly , the spread law of tunnels is conclused and analised : tunnels often occurs in gully of loess ridge or where face gully and the connection of embankment and cutting . collapse , sink and open up are the harm that often done by tunnels . the breadth treated is the spot among 30 ~ 50m above the embankment and cutting , and 10 ~ 20mlow 其次，在前人工作的基础上，研究了注浆法在路基暗穴处理中的加固机理，用注浆法处理暗穴时在理论上应用的是渗透注浆和压密注浆，文中分析了球形扩散理论、柱形扩散理论和袖珍套管理论的特点。
