This dissertation analyses the deformation characteristics of granular materials at critical state , and the deformation regulation is derived on the principle of energy equilibrium , i . e . the constitutive relationship of granular material at critical state 分析了散粒体临界状态下的变形特征，应用能量平衡原理导出了临界状态下的变形规律，即散粒体临界状态下的本构关系。
Besides , two particular working conditions , filling a vessel with gas and sucking gas out of a vessel , are discussed in detail , and the equations for calculating the time for gas filling and suction are presented 在工程实践中，可根据实际气体的临界状态参数，查取其压缩性系数，计入实际气体的状态方程中，并将过程指数换成实际气体的容积绝热指数,这样就可把结论用于实践以解决工程问题。
Since the arc - length method can be used to calculate the critical load in engineering stability analysis , the method is discussed and applied in this thesis . four numerical examples are presented to show the good performance of the proposed numerical procedure 由于弧长法可以计算出临界状态的荷载值，因此本文在计算中讨论了弧长控制法的基本原理及具体实施，并应用于工程稳定性分析。
The initial state of the consolidated specimens can be classified into dilative and contractive in the light of the soil state relative to the critical state line . the failure mechanisms of both dilative and contractive soils under the penetration of rainfall are analyzed 根据斜坡土体状态在临界状态线的相对位置将土体分为剪胀和剪缩两种类型，并对这两种土体在暴雨条件下的破坏机理和破坏过程进行了分析。
The shortcoming of using voltage and power to describe the voltage critical state is analyzed and the load impedance angle is introduced for the critical point of voltage . the ternary analysis method of voltage v , power p and load impedance angle is established 本文首先分析了采用电压和功率描述电压临界状态的不足,提出了引入负荷阻抗角的三个参数来描述电压临界状态,即电压v 、功率p和负荷阻抗角的三元分析法。
For the high pressure phase equilibrium system composed of co2 , h2o , cacl2 , etc . , co2 is treated as super critical fluid truly , the volume of which is estimated by bwr state equation suitable for super critical fluid 考虑了酸液溶蚀的碳酸盐以及酸岩反应生成的二氧化碳对人工裂缝体积的影响，针对裂缝内由二氧化碳、水、氯化钙等物质组成的高压相平衡体系，将二氧化碳真实地处理为超临界状态，其体积由适用于超临界流体的bwr状态方程求解。
We research on the carbon dioxide dimers ( c2h and c2v ) by dft too . the results indicate that dissociation energies is kjmol - 1 and intermolecular vibration frequencies are small of both carbon dioxide dimers ( cah and civ ) . therefore we prove that the carbon dioxide dirners are weakly bound molecule indeed 采用量子化学计算手段，我们研究了co _ 2二聚体( dimer ) ，证实了co _ 2二聚体确实是弱结合分子，因而在超临界状态下co _ 2具有很强的动力学特征。
The research work of the thesis include mainly : ( 1 ) observe a phenomenon which the two fracture modes are simultaneously found near crack tip of a four - point - bend specimen when the ratio of m / q is close to 3 . 0mm , criteria m / q , when the fracture mode of four - point - bend specimen transits from void - mode to shear - mode . intensely location plastic distortion is observed in the front of crack tip and the macro - fracture of the specimen with the same m / q belongs to shear - mode fracture 本文主要在以下几个方面取得了一定的进展：通过四点弯试件的断口和切片试验，观察到裂纹尖端同时存在两种断裂机制? ?在两种断裂模式相互转化的临界状态附近，裂纹前方既有钝化和延伸区中的空穴形核扩张，又有锐化角前剧烈的集中剪切变形。
Abstract : on the basis of general principles of mechanics and critical state soil mechanics theory , a theoretical formula determining the coefficient of earth pressure at rest for cohesionless soil is derived by means of combining hypoplasticity with critical state soil mechanics . the formula has a simple form and is only related to the effective angle of internal friction of soil . there is a slight difference between the calculated value of the formula and that of other formulae . the further investigation of the formula shows that it can be used to determine the coefficient of earth pressure at rest of cohesionless soil 文摘:在满足一般力学原理和临界状态土力学理论的基础上，本文将亚塑性理论与临界状态土力学相结合，推出了一个计算无粘性土静止土压力系数的理论公式.该公式形式简单，仅与土的有效内摩擦角有关，其计算结果与常见的多个经验公式的计算结果只有微小的差别.文中讨论结果表明，该公式可用于确定无粘性土的静止土压力系数
The out - of - plane stability of bending beam , which is made up with 2 beams and loaded by non - directional force , is studied . the bending and torsional deflection differential equation of each beam is established in critical condition . according to compatibility conditions of deformation , the characteristic equation is obtained to calculate out - of - plane stability of the cantilever bending beam 对两节梁组成的弯曲梁在非保向力作用下的平面外失稳问题进行了研究,通过建立每节梁临界状态下弯曲和扭转变形微分方程,根据杆件变形的边界条件以及杆件之间的变形协调关系,得出了一端固定一端悬臂的弯曲梁在非保向力作用下平面外失稳的特征方程。
