refer to as

• Another particle grouping is referred to as charge multiplets .
  粒子的另一分类叫做电荷多重态。
• Units of four bits are sometimes referred to as nibbles .
  有时将四位数字组成的单元叫做半字节。
• The component having a more localized source is referred to as residual .
  由局部源产生的分量称为区域异常。
• These sudden changes in absorption are referred to as "absorption edges. "
  吸收中的这些突变称为“吸收限。”
• Such a group of formation is briefly referred to as a transformation group .
  这样一个变换的群，称为变换群。
• Naturally occurring rock oil is referred to as crude oil or petroleum .
  天然形成之石油，我们称作原油或石油。
• For this reason they are often referred to as "spin wavefunction" .
  由于这个原因，常把他们称作“自旋波函数”。
• In cytogenetics, mosaicism is also sometimes referred to as mixoploidy .
  在细胞遗传学中，镶嵌性有时也称为混倍体。
• With serious cases without conoulsions the disease is referred to as preeclampsia .
  没有发生痉挛的严重病例称为先非子痛。
• These two kinds of energy are generally referred to as ordered and disordered energy .
  一般把这两种能称之为序能和无序能。