The longest apollo mission , though , lasted no more than 12 days , and samples were kept within the apollo spacecraft and thus not exposed to the full space - radiation environment 不过，为时最长的阿波罗任务不过12天，标本又保存在阿波罗宇宙飞船舱内，因此并非完全处于宇宙辐射的环境之下。
We have demonstrated that the integrated circuit test structures fabricated at standard commercial foundries can be radiation tolerant at total does greater than 100krad ( si ) . the radiation environment of outer space is capable of effecting cmos devices in three ways 外太空辐射环境主要以三种方式影响cmos器件：总剂量辐射效应( tid ) ，单粒子翻转效应( seu )和单粒子闩锁效应( sel ) 。
When the change of radiation environment has instantaneous change , the photosynthetic rate ca n ' t reach the rate that it should be in the changed situation . that is called the photoperiodic induction . usually the time of the photoperiodic induction is from 3 minute to 8 minute 当叶片所处光环境的光强和光质发生瞬时变化后叶片光合速率通常都要经过3 8分钟适应才能达到变化条件下应有的光合速率值。
This research has closed relationship with a wide range of cross - science areas , such as basic research on cancer therapy by heavy ion radiation method , radiation danger level evaluation in space and biological damage induced by long term , low - level dose radiation environment , etc . dna is the carrier of biological information and the main target of biological effects induced by ionizing radiations 从重离子治癌的基础性和先导性的研究，载人航天飞行过程中的太空辐射危险性评估，到长期在低剂量辐照环境下的放射性对机体损伤等等，都与电离辐射所致生物损伤的研究有着密切的关系。 dna (脱氧核糖核酸)是生命信息的载体，也是辐射生物效应的最主要的靶分子。
The rate of single event upset ( seu ) for space - based missions has been predicted by means of ground - based particle accelerator test and simulation calculation based on models of space radiation environment and the interaction of ions with the microelectronic device 我们采用的方法是用地面重离子加速器模拟实验和计算机模拟空间辐射环境进行单粒子翻转率预估计算。引发单粒子翻转的空间高能带电粒子环境包括银河宇宙线，太阳宇宙线和地球辐射带中的高能质子及重离子。
The radiation shielding and single event upset ( seu ) of semiconductor components induced by high - energy low - flux and the thermal - mechanical effects of materials resulting from the high - energy intense - current proton irradiation are extensively studied , following conclusions are achieved : the characteristics of space radiation environment and the potential radiation effects are investigated systematically 利用本文编制的程序，着重研究了高能质子的辐射屏蔽问题、单粒子效应中的单粒子翻转seu 、强流质子束辐照材料引起的热?力学效应等问题，从而为以后的相关研究提供了数值模拟手段。论文的主要进展有：系统地总结分析了空间辐射环境的构成、特点及其可能产生的辐射效应。
Because it ’ s hard to get radiation - harden hardware overseas , so the software fault tolerance techniques are significant for our national space enterprise . the computer platform of 863 plan project ” micro intelligent free - flying space robotic system ” consists of cots component . the orbit and the radiation environment of the robot are similar to ones of the argos satellite , and the system is required to have high reliability . therefore it ’ s necessary to applied the software fault tolerance techniques into the system to improve the anti - radiation capability after the techniques been verified valid 因为我国很难从国外获得辐射加固的硬件,所以,这项软件容错技术对我国航天事业的发展具有较大意义。 863计划项目“小型智能飞行机器人系统”所用的计算机平台采用商用器件,其卫星的运行轨道与argos卫星轨道近似,面临的辐射环境与argos卫星相似,要求具有高可靠性。因此,小型智能飞行机器人系统有必要在验证sihft技术有效的基础上,应用软件容错技术,提高其空间抗辐射能力。
