Experiment shows that when the gas hydrate is obtained by spray , its induction time is generally shorter , its phenomenon is not obvious , setting of initial temperature and pressure with an autoclave has certain influence on induction time , but not obvious , water resources and spray nozzle have bigger influence on the induction time 试验表明，喷雾方式制取天然气水合物时，诱导时间普遍较短，诱导现象不明显；反应釜设定初始温度和压力对诱导时间有一定影响，但不是很明显；水源和雾化喷嘴对诱导时间的影响较大。
This paper presents a new method to calculate temperature distribution of axisymetical body when both an initial temperature distribution is available and an environmental temperature is constantly changing , which is based on traditional transient heat conduction . a mathematical model for this new method has been established and is used to calculate the temperature field of the rotor 根据传热学的基本理论建立了初始温度分布已知,环境温度不断变化时,圆柱体温度场的理论计算近似方法,作为转子温度场计算的理论基础，建立了温度计算模型，同时通过使用ansys有限元分析软件对建立的数学模型进行了校验,达到了比较满意的结果。
The dissertation provides a numerical solution method of stable and transient temperature fields as well as thermal stress field in different types of structures under initial temperature values at the boundaries or thermal resources in the structure by use of the finite element method 在土木工程中，温度应力对道路、桥梁、隧道、厂房、高层建筑等都有影响，因此分析温度应力可以对结构采取控制措施，以防建筑结构开裂。本文主要讨论用有限单元法分析温度对结构强度和刚度的影响。
Abstract : thermally induced stress and the relevant warpage cause by inappropriate mold design and processing conditions are problems that confounded the overall success of injection molding . a thermorheologically simple thermoviscoelastic two - dimension material model is used to simulate the residual stress and warpage within injection molded parts generated during the cooling stage of the injection molding cycle . the initial temperature field corresponds to the end of the filling stage . the fully time - dependent algorithm is based on the calculation of the elastic response at every time step . numerical results are discussed with respect to temperature and pressure 文摘:不均匀的热残余应力及其变形是注塑成型加工中常见的工程问题之一.应用热流变简单材料的二维热粘弹本构方程得到的递推公式，数值模拟了成型中的热残余应力及其翘曲变形，并用数值实验讨论了温度、压力对注塑件残余应力及变形的影响，发现温度变化不均匀是注塑件翘曲变形的最主要原因，其影响远大于压力的作用，与工程实验的结论一致
According to feature that goal function has more than one local extremum in displacement back analysis for underground engineering , a new means of displacement back analysis for underground engineering has been established through adopting fem and self - adaptation idea on the basis of the improvement of the determining method of control parameters , such as initial temperature and number of state choice and annealing strategy , moreover , the relevant analytic software is developed 摘要本文针对地下工程围岩位移反分析问题的目标函数存在多个局部极值的特点，在对模拟退火算法进程中控制参数，即初始温度、每一温度下的状态选取次数和退火策略的确定方法加以改进的基础上，引进有限元分析手段和自适应的思想，建立了基于改进模拟退火算法的位移反分析方法，并开发了相应的分析程序。
The paper is on how to set up lab platform of vapour spewing to uppercooling water surface to coagulate directly and to observe and analyse which vapour coagulate on the water surface , the results enable people to know the security system of nuclear power . the range of the pressure parameters of prz is from 0 . 2mpa to 0 . 6mpa , and the range of the initial temperature parameters of cmt is from 23 . 5 to 78 . 5 , all of the testing points are 30 and there are fifty thousand testing data . many results of vapour spewing to uppercooling water surface vertically to coagulate can get . for example : coagulating can make the water of cmt surge forcefully when vapour spews to uppercooling water surface , too many vapour - bubbles come into being and strike the water of cmt owing to rupture continually , all these will strengthen the surge because of the vapour pressure of cmt 实验中prz饱和蒸汽压力变化范围为: 0 . 2mpa - 0 . 6mpa , cmt中水初始温度变化范围: 23 . 5 - 78 . 5 ,实验中测试工况30个左右,实验测试数据50万余个,得出了很多与非能动安全系统相关的蒸汽垂直喷向过冷水表面凝结时的结论：蒸汽垂直喷入过冷水表面凝结时会造成cmt中液面的强烈波动和振荡，产生大量蒸汽汽泡，汽泡不断破裂对cmt中液体带来很大冲击，势必引起cmt中液体的振荡，造成cmt汽空间汽压不均匀，加强cmt液体的振荡和波动。
Under the influences of random variabilities , during both construction period and operation period , the temperature field within a gravity dam body could be regarded as a random one . in this paper , stochastic finite element methods are suggested to deal with the random temperature field . by use of the suggested methods , the influences of random environmental and random hydration heat of concrete and the initial temperature of concrete as well as the thermal parameters of both concrete and rock foundation are all taken into account . according to a scheduled time table of construction , random temperature fields of a typical concrete gravity dam within both the construction period and the operation period are calculated by emulation the layer constructing of the dam . some useful conclusions are obtained from the computational results 由于施工期和运行期各种随机因素的影响，使重力坝温度场成为随机.本文综合考虑了环境温度(包括气温和库水温度) 、混凝土绝热温升、入仓温度以及混凝土和基岩的热学参数随机性的影响，基于随机有限元法，给出了重力坝随机温度场的计算方法，对一典型重力坝按给定的施工进度模拟分层浇筑施工过程，对施工期及运行期前期的随机温度场进行了计算，并得出了一些有益的结论
After gps pw data assimulation , the initial humidity field can be reanalyzed while the initial temperature , pressure and wind fields also being modified . although mm5 with the cressman objective analysis predicts the first 6h accumulated precipitation more accurately than 3dvar of gps pw data , vice versa for 6 - 18 h accumulated precipitation 在模式积分的前6小时， cressman客观分析试验对累计降水量预报优于gps可降水量资料三维变分同化试验对累积降水量预报，但在模式积分的6一18小时gps可降水量三维变分同化试验对累计降水的预报却优于cressman客观分析试验。
This paper establishes a model simulating dam actual placing process and considering the non - continuity of initial temperature on the boundary of new and old concrete , daily air temperature change , concrete - placing temperature , hydration heat , heat insulation on boundary , water - storing process , placing intermission and curing with water . the calculation of stress field considers the concrete weight , static water pressure , thermal stress , different autogenous volume change between rcc and normal concrete , change of elastic modulus of concrete with age and creep action 考虑了乞今最为全面的初始条件和边界条件，包括模拟坝体的实际升程过程，考虑了新老混凝土接触面上的初始温度不连续，逐日的气温变化，混凝土的入仓温度，水化热温升，边界保温，水库蓄水过程，浇筑间歇以及洒水养生等因素；应力场的计算考虑了混凝土的自重，静水压力，温度应力，常态混凝土与碾压混凝土不同的自生体积变形，混凝土的弹性模量随龄期的变化以及徐变的作用。
In order to study the regeneration mechanism of dpf in detail , we still need a mathematical model of the channel unit , which present temperature field and the soot reaction rate of the channel . finally , it points out the influences of various factors to the regeneration process by computing the numerical solution of model under different boundary conditions and geometry parameters , such as the initial temperature , the gas flow rate , the oxygen concentration , the sediment quantity and the wall thickness of the filters , and so on . in this way , the paper provides theoretical guidance for optimization design of the dpf 首先研究了干净壁流式过滤体的加热特性,然后在加热和燃烧理论的基础上建立了微粒捕集器再生过程的数学模型,并对模型进行了数值计算,得到了捕集器内部的三维温度场分布以及温度梯度分布,结果与实验值吻合较好,验证了模型的正确性;为了详细的研究微粒捕集器的再生机理,建立了孔道单元数学模型,得到了孔道内的温度场分布和微粒反应速率分布;最后,通过求解模型在不同边界条件和不同几何参数下的数值解,分析了各种因素对再生过程的影响,如过滤体初始温度、过滤体内气流的流动速率、氧浓度、微粒沉积量以及过滤体壁面厚度,为微粒捕集器的优化设计提供理论指导。
