There are now charts of all sorts prepared by financial institutions , to facilitate their own position - taking or advise their clients , on the so - called " first - hit probability " , in other words , the probability of the renminbi exchange rate hitting 7 . 80 within , say , three , six or twelve months 金融机构更有各式各样的图表，分析人民币在未来3个月6个月或12个月内首次触及7 . 80的机会率，帮助它们决定如何处理手头的头寸或为客户提供买卖意见。
Methods to estimate bias error , dispersion and first round hit probability for artillery system are shown . ( 2 ) error - sources of position survey preparation , target position decision , ballistic preparation , meteorology preparation , models , technical preparation and the rest for deliberate preparation as well as their effects on initial firing data errors are discussed in details ( 2 )较详细地讨论了精密法决定射击开始诸元中，测地准备、决定目标位置、弹道准备、气象准备、模型、技术准备、其它未测定或未修正误差等误差源等及其对射击开始诸元的影响。
The effective disturbance of laser to imagining track system is validated by two experiments . one is laser irradiates ccd detectors and the other is laser disturbs ccd imaging track evaluation system . the energy of laser disturbing ir imagining guided system effectively is estimated . the guidance error sources are analyzed and the hitting probabilities are calculated before the disturbance and after it by utilizing the formula about single missile shot percentage 首先通过激光辐照面阵ccd探测器和激光干扰ccd成像跟踪系统的两个实验,证明激光对成像跟踪系统能形成有效干扰;然后对激光有效干扰红外成像制导系统所需的能量进行估算;分析了制导误差的来源,根据建立的导弹命中概率计算公式,具体计算激光干扰前后导弹命中概率。
The experiments and calculation results prove that the laser weapons can disturb the ir imagining guided system and make the hitting probability decline greatly . finally , the math model of ballistic trajectory is established according to the basic way to evaluate the disturbance effiency . the emulational results reveal the disturbance effect and the change of miss distance 实验和计算结果证明激光能够干扰红外成像制导系统,并使其命中概率大幅度下降;最后根据干扰效果评估的基本思路,建立导弹弹道计算的数学模型,给出仿真结果,直观的观察干扰效果和脱靶量的变化情况。
Two kinds of simulation model to calculate the hitting probability of cargo - projectile are built up , which are the direct simulation of firing errors of cargo - projectile and the simulation of firing errors combined with numerical integretion . specific method to calculate the hitting probability of both round and rectangular aim are given , so are the generation of normal distribution vector and uniform distribution vector 给出了对圆形目标和矩形目标的具体计算方法，以及正态分布随机向量和均匀分布随机向量的产生方法，根据算例的结果，讨论了子弹重迭度对子母弹首发命中概率的影响。
Methods to calculate effect of bias error and dispersion on first - round hitting probability and on multi - round hit probability are discussed . according to calculating results , influence on first - round hitting probability by accuracy of each factor , by the firing range , by the change of meteorology condition with space - time , and by dispersion are analyzed , so are influence on multi - round hitting probability by bias error & dispersion 讨论了射击开始诸元精度与密集度对首发命中概率与多发命中概率影响的计算方法，并根据计算结果讨论了决定射击开始诸元的各因素精度、射程的变化、气象条件随时间与空间的变化对首发命中概率的影响，密集度的变化对首发命中概率的影响，及射击开始诸元精度与密集度对多发命中概率的影响。
