In the fourth chapter , the effect of controlled alternative furrow irrigation on the ratio of root to shoot , filling rate , leaf physiological indexes , yield and water use efficiency of summer maize were discussed , and the lower limits of suitable irrigation for summer maize in controlled alternate furrow irrigation were analyzed and determined 29 ，表明干湿交替循环不仅可以减少每次灌水间隔期间的棵间土壤无效蒸发，而且也抑制了作物的奢侈蒸腾，因此作物需水量明显减少，节水效果非常显著，被证明是沟灌方式中最科学的一种灌水方法。
Three wheat cultivars , yannong 19 ( with spread plant type ) , jimai 20 ( with semi - spread plant type ) and taishan 23 ( with erect plant type ) , were used to investigate the wue ( water use efficiency ) change under raised bed planting with furrow irrigation and conventional flat planting with flood irrigation 摘要为寻找提高小麦水分利用效率的途径，以株型扩张品种烟农19 、株型紧凑品种泰山23和株型半扩张品种济麦20为材料，比较研究了垄作（小水沟内渗灌）和平作（大水漫灌）两种栽培模式下小麦的水分利用效率。
In the first chapter , the improvement and development of furrow irrigation technique , theory foundation of controlled alternate furrow irrigation , and related research advance at home and abroad were analyzed and elucidated , and the main problems needing to be studied further and to be solved were put forward . in the second chapter , the soil infiltrative parameters , irrigating water advancing and water redistribution in soil were studied by adopting the controlled alternative furrow irrigation in field 根据建立的水量平衡方程，采用模式搜索技术中的爬山法，利用infiltvs分析软件，计算得到的不同沟灌方式灌溉水流的推进过程与利用实测资料回归分析得到的水流推进过程几乎完全重合，预测精度很高，因此证明本文建立的模型和分析计算方法是合理可行的，完全可用于不同沟灌方式土壤入渗参数和水流推进过程的估算。
In order to decrease expenditure and increase total economic efficiency , the key technique consisted of a complete sets of base fertilizer heavily , stabilizing n , increasing p and k , herbicide , coordinating of irrigation , fertilization and dpc regulation in first - flowering time , water - saving by furrow irrigation , simple pruning of cotton plants , chemical accelerating the ripening and so on 以重施基肥，稳氮增磷增钾，化学除草，初花期水、肥、控同步，沟灌节水，简化整枝及化学催熟等项技术组装配套，达到节支省工，提高整体经济效益。
At present , the studies about the controlled alternate furrow irrigation are focused on how it affects the water physiological indexes , water consumption and yields of crops . but , some problems suc h as the soil infiltrative parameters , irrigating water advancing , water redistribution in soil , calculation of crop water requirement and water consumption , and the upper and lower limit indexes of soil moisture , guiding a field irrigation after the controlled alternative furrow irrigation is implemented in field , have not been researched systematically and deeply . if these problems could not been solved commendably , the popularization of controlled alternate furrow irrigation will be affected 然而，目前有关交替隔沟灌溉的研究还主要集中于这种灌水方式对作物水分生理指标、耗水量和产量的影响方面，而对大田采用这种灌水式后的土壤入渗参数变化情况、作物需水量与耗水量计算、以及指导大田灌溉的水分下限控制指标等与大田生产实际密切相关的几个问题基本上还没有进行系统的深入研究，而这些问题如不能得到很好地解决，势必会对这种灌水方式的推广应用产生严重的影响。
Due to the underdevelopment of economy , traditional surface irrigation such as border and furrow irrigation is still taken as the dominant way in farmland irrigation , which leads to the great waste of water resources . therefore , how to apply a new theory to study and improve surface irrigation technique in order to increase water use efficiency and water productivity in farmland , has become a key project in water - saving research of agriculture today 然而，由于经济欠发达，我国农田灌溉仍以传统的畦、沟地面灌溉技术为主，水资源浪费现象还比较严重，因此，如何运用新的理论研究和改进地面灌水技术，提高农田水分利用效率和水的生产效率，已成为当今我国农业节水研究的重点课题。
In the third part , a comprehensive check experiment was made on percolation irrigation and furrow irrigation : the percolation irrigation is superior to the furrow irrigation for such advantages as saving water , saving energy , increasing production , raising air temperature and ground temperature inside the shelf , lowering air humidity inside the shelf and reducing plights , and ect 第三部分对棚室番茄渗灌和沟灌进行了全面的对比试验，通过试验可以得出渗灌较沟灌省水、节能、增产、提高棚室空气温度和地温、降低棚室空气湿度、减少病虫害等一系列优点。
