The degree of graphitization and diameter of cnts increased with elevated temperature , which showed that high temperature improved the catalysis of catalyst , and was attributed to uniform arrangement of atomic carbon , and hindered amorphous carbon 随着生长温度的升高，催化剂的活性提高，有利于碳的有序排列，生长的碳纳米管直径增大。氨气对纳米碳管的定向排列影响显著，而氢气、氮气则无影响。
The charter v studied the absorption character ultraviolet and infrared light for a - c films on both glass and single crystalline silicon . though amorphous carbon had quite lower absorption , it was suit to be made as a transmittance - increasing layer on silicon in range of wavelength shorter than 8 m 第五章研究了玻璃和单晶硅衬底上非晶碳对紫外和红外光的吸收特性，发现非晶碳适应于制作硅衬底上波长短于8微米的红外增透兼保护膜。
The result of md simulation means that : ( 1 ) the microstructure in the amorphous carbon has no obvious change , the slippage which is parallel to the fiber axes in the graphite slices of the pyc interphase was found ; ( 2 ) bulk moduli of every part of interphase diminished , young ' s moduli in all three direction of amorphous carbon diminished , young ' s moduli of the graphite slices in the direction of parallel to the fiber radial decreased , and ones in the direction of parallel to the fiber axes increased 分子动力学模拟结果表明， ( 1 )界面相内部无定形碳部分微结构无明显变化，石墨片层部分沿纤维轴向滑移； ( 2 )界面相模量发生变化，界面相区域各部分的体积弹性模量降低，无定形碳部分及石墨片层部分垂直于纤维轴向的杨氏模量降低，平行于纤维轴向的杨氏模量升高。
Ammonia played a critical role in the vertical alignment of cnts , and the possible reason was that in 850 the atomic hydrogen decomposed from ammonia reacted with amorphous carbon to form volatile products to keep the metal surface clean , and mechanical leaning against neighboring tu bes established a morphology of vertical alignment 当基体为单晶硅、催化剂镍膜厚度为20nm 、氨气气氛、生长温度为850时，得到了定向生长的纳米碳管。其原因可能是850时氨气分解的氢原子和无定形炭生成了易挥发物质，从而保持催化剂的活性使纳米碳管依靠相邻碳管之间的斥力定向生长。
When the two reactants were simply mixed by crush , they reacted violently and produced carbon spheres with a diameter of 50 - l00nm and sodium chloride ( nacl ) was encapsulated within the outer amorphous carbon shells , which could be confirmed by sem and tem . by annealing at 1400 ? to drive the encapsulated nacl away , hollow carbon spheres were left with a novel mesoporous structure , as presented in hrtem 实验中将两种反应物通过直接挤压混合后加热反应，得到的无定型球状碳材料经tem照片证实直径为50 - 100纳米，而且中间包裹氯化钠( nacl )颗粒； xrd等结果显示，高温退火并彻底清除nacl后形成的中空碳球已经部分石墨化。
At lower growth temperature , the lower extracting rate of carbon atoms from catalyst particles due to the lower activity of the catalysts resulted in more defects formed in carbon nanotubes . moreover , the lower transportation rate of carbon atoms in catalyst particles also made lots of carbon atoms deposited on the surfaces of grown carbon nanotubes , or on carbon wrapped catalyst particles , even to form amorphous carbon layers 在较低温度时，由于催化剂的活性较低，导致石墨面在生长过程中引入的缺陷较多；另一方面，碳原子在催化剂颗粒内迁移速率较低，使得多余的游离态碳原子(或原子团)可能在纳米碳管表面以非晶形式沉积，或者包覆催化剂使其“中毒”失去催化活性，或者直接形成非晶的碳纳米颗粒。
