There are other models of dark energy besides those based on scalar fields . one scenario is " solid " dark matter , typically based on networks of tangled cosmic strings or domain walls 当然亦有些黑暗能量理论模型并未引入纯量场的观念，其中一个假设是实黑暗物质的存在，这些物质可以是纠结的宇宙弦网络或区域墙。
Is not only a parameter for measuring expansion of the universe , it can also be used to determine the age and the size of the universe , amount of dark matters , numbers of hadrons and abundance of light elements in the universe and even the structure of the early universe , and so forth 的一个参数，而且还可以用来计算宇宙年宇宙大小宇宙中黑暗物质的数量重子数目轻元素丰度甚至早期宇宙形成的结构等等。
